Anatomy and Physiology: Skeletal System Chapter 4 Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the skeletal system in providing support to the body?

Skeletal muscles attach to bones by tendons, which are strong bands of connective tissue.

Cartilage provides a firm yet flexible support within certain structures.

Ligaments are strong bands of fibrous connective tissue that attach to bones and hold them together.

Rigid, strong bone is well suited for bearing weight and is the major supporting tissue of the body. (correct)

What is the primary function of ligaments in the skeletal system?

Ligaments are strong bands of fibrous connective tissue that attach to bones and hold them together. (correct)

Ligaments store minerals in the blood.

Ligaments provide rigid, strong support to the body.

Ligaments are responsible for the production of blood cells and platelets.

What is the primary function of cartilage in the skeletal system?

Cartilage provides a firm yet flexible support within certain structures. (correct)

Cartilage is responsible for the production of blood cells and platelets.

Cartilage stores minerals in the blood.

Cartilage provides rigid, strong support to the body.

What is the primary function of tendons in the skeletal system?

Skeletal muscles attach to bones by tendons, which are strong bands of connective tissue. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of bone marrow in the skeletal system?

Bone marrow is responsible for the production of blood cells and platelets. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the skeletal system?

Respiration Signup and view all the answers

What happens in the Zone of Proliferation in the epiphyseal plate?

Chondrocytes undergo cell division and arrange in distinct columns Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the Zone of Calcification in the epiphyseal plate?

Chondrocytes degenerate as the matrix becomes calcified Signup and view all the answers

What occurs in the Zone of Resorption or Ossification?

Cavities left by dead chondrocytes are invaded by blood vessels Signup and view all the answers

What marks the end of bone lengthening according to endochondral ossification process?

Cartilage in the epiphyseal plate is replaced by an epiphyseal line Signup and view all the answers

Which part of bone anatomy is classified under the Axial Skeleton?

Skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage Signup and view all the answers

In which zone of the epiphyseal plate do chondrocytes exhibit no division or active matrix production?

Zone of Reserve or Resting Cartilage Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of an articulation or joint?

To allow for limited movement between bones Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a classification of articulation based on the degree of motion?

Amphiarthrosis Signup and view all the answers

What type of joint consists of two bones united by fibrous tissue with little to no movement?

Sutures Signup and view all the answers

Where can fibrous joints, known as sutures, be found in the human body?

Distal joint articulations between tibia and fibula Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the appendicular skeleton?

To connect the upper and lower limbs to the axial skeleton Signup and view all the answers

Which type of joint is found in the elbow, shoulder, and ankle?

Synovial joint Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of synovial fluid?

To act as a lubricant between joint surfaces Signup and view all the answers

Which type of synovial joint allows for the widest range of movement in almost any direction?

Ball-and-Socket Joints Signup and view all the answers

Which type of synovial joint permits movement in only one plane?

Hinge Joints Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a Pivot Joint?

The rotation that occurs between the axis and atlas when shaking the head Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between a Ball-and-Socket Joint and an Ellipsoid or Condyloid Joint?

Ellipsoid or Condyloid Joints are elongated Ball-and-Socket Joints Signup and view all the answers

Which type of synovial joint consists of two opposed flat surfaces that glide over each other?

Plane or Gliding Joints Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the periosteum during endochondral ossification?

It secretes osteoprogenitor cells that migrate into the cartilage matrix Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary ossification center?

The region where calcified cartilage breaks down and spongy bone is formed Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the epiphyseal plate?

It separates the epiphysis from the diaphysis, allowing growth in length Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of secondary ossification centers?

They replace the cartilage in the epiphyses with spongy bone Signup and view all the answers

What is the metaphysis?

The flared portion between the epiphysis and diaphysis Signup and view all the answers

What remains on the articular surface of the epiphysis after ossification is complete?

A thin layer of hyaline cartilage Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Bone Growth and Ossification

Growth in bone length occurs at the epiphyseal plate, which is divided into five zones:
Zone of Reserve or Resting Cartilage: chondrocytes exhibit no division or active matrix production
Zone of Proliferation: chondrocytes undergo cell division and arrange themselves in distinct columns parallel to the direction of growth
Zone of Hypertrophy: chondrocytes enlarge and compress the cartilage matrix surrounding them
Zone of Calcification: enlarged cells begin to degenerate as the matrix becomes calcified
Zone of Resorption or Ossification: cavities left by dead chondrocytes are invaded by blood vessels that bring osteoprogenitor cells, which produce bone on the surface of the calcified cartilage

Bone Anatomy

The skeletal system consists of:
Axial skeleton: skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage
Appendicular skeleton: bones of the upper and lower limbs, and the girdle

Functions of the Skeletal System

Support: rigid, strong bone bears weight and provides structural support
Protection: bone is hard and protects the organs it surrounds
Movement: skeletal muscles attach to bones by tendons, enabling movement
Storage: bone stores minerals from the blood
Blood cell production: bone marrow gives rise to blood cells and platelets

Types of Bones

Based on shape:
Long bones: longer than they are wide (e.g., bones of the upper and lower limbs)
Axial skeleton: skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage
Appendicular skeleton: bones of the upper and lower limbs, and the girdle

Articulations (Joints)

Classification based on degree of motion:
Synarthrosis: non-movable joint
Amphiarthrosis: slightly movable joint
Diarthrosis: freely movable joint
Classification based on the major connective tissue type that binds the bones:
Fibrous joints (e.g., sutures, syndesmoses, and gomphoses)
Cartilaginous joints (e.g., pubic symphysis)
Synovial joints (e.g., elbow, shoulder, ankle)

Types of Synovial Joints

Plane or gliding joints: two opposed flat surfaces that glide over each other
Saddle joints: two saddle-shaped articulating surfaces oriented at right angles to each other
Hinge joints: movement in one plane only
Pivot joints: restrict movement to rotation around a single axis
Ball-and-socket joints: wide range of movement in almost any direction
Ellipsoid or condyloid joints: elongated ball-and-socket joints

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Description

Test your knowledge on the functions, structure, ossification process, major features, types of joints, and joint movements related to the skeletal system. This quiz is based on the objectives outlined in Chapter 4 of Anatomy and Physiology course.