Antimicrobials in Anaerobic Infections: Dental Implications
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of metronidazole against anaerobic bacteria?

  • Damaging microbial DNA (correct)
  • Inhibiting protein synthesis
  • Inhibiting cell wall synthesis
  • Disrupting membrane function

    • Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of metronidazole's pharmacokinetics?

  • Poorly bound to plasma proteins
  • Diffuses well into the tissues including brain
  • Well absorbed after oral administration
  • Extensively metabolized in the brain (correct)

    • Why is metronidazole ineffective against aerobic bacteria?

  • It cannot be reduced to its active metabolite in the presence of oxygen (correct)
  • It is not metabolized in the liver
  • It is unable to diffuse into the tissues
  • It is not absorbed after oral administration

    • What is the name of the group of antimicrobials that includes metronidazole, tinidazole, and secnidazole?

    <p>Nitroimidazoles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of metronidazole on microbial DNA?

    <p>It damages microbial DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common side effect of metronidazole in the gastrointestinal system?

    <p>Dry mouth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary route of excretion for metronidazole metabolites?

    <p>Urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the interaction between metronidazole and warfarin?

    <p>Metronidazole potentiates the anticoagulant effect of warfarin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should metronidazole be avoided in pregnant women?

    <p>It causes teratogenic effects in experimental animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the dose of metronidazole used to treat Vincent's angina?

    <p>200-400 mg three times daily for 7 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of metronidazole on lithium?

    <p>It decreases the renal clearance of lithium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the disulfiram-like reaction caused by?

    <p>Taking metronidazole with alcohol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of metronidazole in the treatment of alveolar abscess?

    <p>In combination with penicillins such as penicillin V or amoxicillin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic is used in combination with metronidazole for the treatment of anaerobic brain abscess?

    <p>A third-generation cephalosporin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of metronidazole over vancomycin in the treatment of antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis?

    <p>It is cheaper and less toxic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment duration for metronidazole in the treatment of amoebiasis?

    <p>7-10 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between tinidazole and metronidazole?

    <p>Tinidazole has a longer duration of action and better tolerability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fluoroquinolone is the prototype drug?

    <p>Ciprofloxacin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bacteria is Ciprofloxacin highly effective against?

    <p>Aerobic gram-negative organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following anaerobes is resistant to Ciprofloxacin?

    <p>Bacteroides fragilis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main route of excretion for Ciprofloxacin?

    <p>Urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common adverse effect of Ciprofloxacin related to the GI tract?

    <p>Nausea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following fluoroquinolones has increased activity against S. pneumoniae?

    <p>Levofloxacin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of food on Ciprofloxacin absorption?

    <p>Food delays absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of metronidazole?

    <p>Reducing the 'Nitro' group by ferredoxins to form an active metabolite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a therapeutic use of metronidazole in medicine?

    <p>Treating H. pylori infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common adverse reaction of metronidazole?

    <p>Anorexia and nausea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should patients avoid alcohol while taking metronidazole?

    <p>To prevent a disulfiram-like reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant drug interaction of metronidazole?

    <p>Potentiating the anticoagulant effect of warfarin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should metronidazole be avoided in pregnant women?

    <p>Due to its teratogenic effects in experimental animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

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