Protein Synthesis Inhibitors
39 Questions
1 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which tetracyclines achieve therapeutic levels in the cerebrospinal fluid?

  • Tetracycline and doxycycline
  • Minocycline and tetracycline
  • All tetracyclines
  • Doxycycline and minocycline (correct)

    • What is the primary route of elimination for doxycycline?

  • Bile into the feces (correct)
  • Hepatic metabolism
  • Sweat
  • Urine

    • Which of the following body fluids has inadequate penetration of tetracyclines?

  • Most body fluids
  • Cerebrospinal fluid (correct)
  • Tears
  • Saliva

    • What is the reason for noncompliance with tetracyclines?

    <p>Epigastric distress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a unique characteristic of minocycline?

    <p>High concentrations in saliva and tears</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is doxycycline preferred in patients with renal dysfunction?

    <p>It is primarily eliminated via the bile into the feces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason behind the toxic effects of high concentrations of chloramphenicol or tetracyclines?

    <p>Interaction with mitochondrial mammalian ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unique feature of the transport mechanism of tetracyclines in susceptible organisms?

    <p>Energy-dependent transport protein mechanism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do tetracyclines concentrate in susceptible organisms?

    <p>Intracellularly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of tetracyclines in inhibiting protein synthesis?

    <p>Preventing binding of tRNA to the mRNA-ribosome complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of the structure of tetracyclines?

    <p>Four fused rings with a system of conjugated double bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of substitutions on the rings of tetracyclines?

    <p>Alters the individual pharmacokinetics and spectrum of antimicrobial activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of parenteral aminoglycosides are excreted unchanged in the urine?

    <p>More than 90%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which bodily fluids do aminoglycosides penetrate variably?

    <p>Most body fluids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary route of excretion for neomycin?

    <p>Feces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is therapeutic drug monitoring necessary for aminoglycosides?

    <p>To minimize dose-related toxicities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary risk factor for ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity?

    <p>Age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do aminoglycosides accumulate in the inner ear?

    <p>Endolymph and perilymph</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are erythromycin and its metabolites excreted?

    <p>Bile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common adverse effect of macrolides?

    <p>Gastric distress and motility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should the dosage of clarithromycin be adjusted in some patients?

    <p>In patients with renal impairment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a rare effect of high doses of erythromycin?

    <p>Smooth muscle contractions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which macrolide is associated with irreversible sensorineural hearing loss?

    <p>Azithromycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the excretion pathway of clarithromycin and its metabolites?

    <p>Urine through the kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of anemia associated with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency?

    <p>Hemolytic anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are neonates more susceptible to the adverse effects of chloramphenicol?

    <p>They have underdeveloped renal function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of chloramphenicol on the metabolism of warfarin and phenytoin?

    <p>It decreases their metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of clindamycin?

    <p>Similar to that of macrolides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of organisms is clindamycin primarily used to treat?

    <p>Gram-positive bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between clindamycin and erythromycin resistance?

    <p>Cross-resistance has been described</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary site of metabolism for quinupristin and dalfopristin?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of quinupristin/dalfopristin's competition with the antibiotic for excretion?

    <p>Hyperbilirubinemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of oxazolidinones?

    <p>Binding to the bacterial 23S ribosomal RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the antibacterial spectrum of oxazolidinones primarily directed against?

    <p>Gram-positive organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of quinupristin/dalfopristin on cytochrome P450 CYP3A4 isoenzyme?

    <p>Inhibits cytochrome P450 CYP3A4 isoenzyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary excretion pathway of quinupristin and dalfopristin?

    <p>Feces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of administering quinupristin/dalfopristin through a peripheral rather than a central line?

    <p>Venous irritation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of higher doses of quinupristin/dalfopristin?

    <p>Arthralgia and myalgia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the antibacterial activity of oxazolidinones against Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

    <p>Moderately active</p> Signup and view all the answers

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser