Antimicrobials VI: Protein Synthesis Inhibitors in Microbiology

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Which bacterial proteins are targeted by tetracyclines for inhibition?

40S subunit of the ribosome

50S subunit of the ribosome

30S subunit of the ribosome (correct)

60S subunit of the ribosome

What is the main mechanism of action of tetracyclines in inhibiting protein synthesis?

Stimulates protein synthesis

Prevents transcription of mRNA

Blocks addition of amino acids to the growing peptide chain (correct)

Inhibits tRNA synthesis

What is a common mechanism of resistance to tetracyclines?

Enzymatic inactivation of the antibiotic

Interference with bacterial binding sites

Increased permeability to the drug (correct)

Enhanced protein synthesis

Which adverse effect is associated with tetracyclines in young children?

Bone staining and stunted skeletal development Signup and view all the answers

What effect can tetracyclines have on sun exposure in patients taking them?

Accelerated sunburn leading to blisters Signup and view all the answers

Which parameter is utilized by the new BL/BLI, omadacycline, and eravacycline drugs for their pharmacodynamic action?

$AUC/MIC$ Signup and view all the answers

What is the activity of Plazomicin against beta-lactamase producing isolates?

It is effective against them Signup and view all the answers

Which bacterium is categorized as a serious threat by the CDC due to its resistance levels?

Streptococcus pneumoniae Signup and view all the answers

What is the resistance pattern observed in Streptococcus pneumoniae according to the text?

46.6% resistant to at least one drug Signup and view all the answers

What is the main concern regarding the effectiveness of multivalent vaccines mentioned in the text?

They are ineffective against resistant serotypes Signup and view all the answers

Which infections are categorized as non-invasive for Streptococcus pneumoniae?

Otitis media and sinusitis Signup and view all the answers

Which type of organisms are not indicated for treatment with macrolides?

Enterobacterales Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of macrolides like erythromycin and clarithromycin?

Inhibition of protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal RNA Signup and view all the answers

Which adverse effect is commonly associated with erythromycin?

Cholestatic hepatitis Signup and view all the answers

What is the mode of action of lincosamides like clindamycin?

Inhibit protein synthesis by affecting the 50S ribosomal subunit Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bacteria are resistant to clindamycin according to the text?

Enterococci Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic is known for causing dose-related anemia, aplastic anemia, and gray baby syndrome?

Chloramphenicol Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of oxazolidinones?

Prevents initiation with the 50S ribosomal subunit Signup and view all the answers

Which adverse effect is associated with linezolid?

Joint and muscle pain Signup and view all the answers

What is a common toxicity of aminoglycosides?

Peripheral neuropathy Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanism of resistance is NOT associated with aminoglycosides?

Reduced drug accumulation via efflux pumps Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of aminoglycoside antibiotics that distinguishes them from other protein synthesis inhibitors?

They damage the cytoplasmic membrane Signup and view all the answers

Which aminoglycoside can be used against organisms resistant to Gentamicin and Tobramycin?

Amikacin Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant adverse effect of streptomycin?

Ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic is active against all clinically relevant gram-positive cocci, including VRE and MRSA?

Linezolid Signup and view all the answers