Antimicrobial Acrylic Denture Development

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Questions and Answers

What type of chains were observed to be surface-sensitive?

polymer chains

What type of interactions were indicated to occur at the interface?

weak physical forces

What was the surface copper concentration below according to XPS analysis?

XPS detection limit (~0.1 atomic%)

What was the flexural mechanical property of the experimental acrylic comparable to?

conventional dental acrylic Signup and view all the answers

What was the reported effect on the flexural strength of acrylics formed with nAg?

reduced flexural strength Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula used to calculate the inhibitory capacity of the nCu/PMMA nanocomposite against microorganisms?

(CFUPMMA - CFUnCu/PMMA) / CFUPMMA * 100 Signup and view all the answers

What was the conductivity of copper in the monomer during the experimentation?

0.6% Signup and view all the answers

The nCu/PMMA nanocomposite displayed elemental portions of carbon, oxygen, and copper.

True Signup and view all the answers

The nCu particles had sizes ranging from approximately 30 to 150 ___.

nm Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the study mentioned in the abstract?

To develop dentures with antimicrobial properties using copper nanoparticles Signup and view all the answers

What is the major causative agent of denture stomatitis (DS) mentioned in the text?

Candida albicans Signup and view all the answers

True or False: nCu/PMMA dentures exhibited maximum antimicrobial activity without causing cytotoxicity.

True Signup and view all the answers

To reduce the incidence of denture stomatitis, dentures produced with _______ are recommended according to the study.

copper nanotechnology Signup and view all the answers

Match the following organisms with their antimicrobial activity tested in the study:

Candida albicans = Tested against nCu/PMMA acrylics Streptococcus mutans = Evaluated for antibacterial activity Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans = Assessed for antibacterial activity Staphylococcus aureus = Evaluated for antibacterial activity Signup and view all the answers

What properties did the nCu content infused in the PMMA matrix confer to all acrylic nanocomposites?

antifungal properties Signup and view all the answers

What was the maximum reduction in the number of adherent yeast CFUs on the acrylic surface achieved using 0.045% wt.nCu?

Complete absence of yeasts Signup and view all the answers

The viability of HGSCs on the 0.045% wt.nCu/PMMA nanocomposite was significantly lower than on neat PMMA.

False Signup and view all the answers

What were the maximum copper concentrations (in μg·mL^-1) produced by the 0.055% and 0.045% wt.nCu/PMMA nanocomposites after 35 days of incubation?

3.8 × 10^-3 and 5.9 × 10^-3 Signup and view all the answers

Match the pathogenic microorganisms with their inhibitory capacity (%) by the 0.045% wt.nCu/poly (methyl methacrylate) nanocomposite:

Candida albicans (Yeast) = 95% Streptococcus mutans (Gram positive) = 97% Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Gram negative) = 88% Staphylococcus aureus (Gram positive) = 94% Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Introduction

The global elderly population is increasing, and oral health is a major concern, especially with regards to prosthetic replacement of missing teeth.
Dentures are a common solution, but they can lead to oral biofilms, mucosal infections, and denture stomatitis (DS).

Background

DS is a common condition that affects denture wearers, causing chronic inflammation and erythema of the oral mucosa.
The prevalence of DS ranges from 15% to over 70%, and it can cause symptoms such as pain, discomfort, and altered taste.
Proper hygiene practices are essential in preventing DS, but patients' habits and attitudes may not lead to compliance with denture cleansing recommendations.
Strategies employing acrylics with antimicrobial properties are being explored to prevent microorganism proliferation and reduce DS incidence.

Study Aim

The study aimed to develop antimicrobial acrylic dentures by incorporating copper nanoparticles (nCu) into poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA).
The goal was to produce dentures with antimicrobial activity, specifically against Candida albicans, without altering the biocompatibility, mechanical, or aesthetic properties of the acrylic.

Methods

The nCu/PMMA nanocomposites were prepared using an in situ method, and their properties were characterized using various techniques, including scanning electron microscopy, spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis.
The antimicrobial activity of the nanocomposites was evaluated against C. albicans, Streptococcus mutans, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Staphylococcus aureus.
A preliminary clinical trial was conducted on 50 patients, with 25 participants wearing nCu/PMMA dentures and 25 wearing conventional PMMA acrylic dentures.

Results

The nCu/PMMA nanocomposites exhibited antimicrobial activity against C. albicans and other oral bacteria without producing cytotoxicity.
The nanocomposites retained their mechanical and aesthetic properties and inhibited the growth of C. albicans on both the denture surface and patient palate.
The incidence and severity of DS were lower in the nCu/PMMA denture group compared to the PMMA denture group.

Conclusion

The study demonstrated that PMMA acrylic produced with copper nanotechnology is antimicrobial, biocompatible, and aesthetic, and can reduce DS incidence.
The nCu/PMMA dentures may act as a novel preventive alternative for oral infections associated with denture use.### Denture Fabrication and Nanocomposite Properties
The Beraudent Dental Laboratory in Santiago, Chile, fabricated both conventional and nCu/PMMA nanocomposite dentures.
The nCu/PMMA nanocomposite dentures were fabricated using nanotechnology patented by the authors' university, with a copper concentration of 0.6% by weight.
The nCu particles in the MMA monomer had a characteristic surface plasmon resonance absorption peak at 593 nm and a size range of 30-150 nm.

Structural and Compositional Characterization

The BS-SEM image revealed metallic nCu embedded in the organic monomer as bright particles with sizes ranging from 30 to 150 nm.
EDX elemental mapping confirmed the presence of copper, carbon, and oxygen in the structures of nCu and MMA.
The XRD pattern of the PMMA polymer in both PMMA and Cu/PMMA acrylics showed an amorphous pattern.
The XRD pattern of the Cu/PMMA matrix exhibited a peak at 2θ = 43.3°, corresponding to the (111) plane of zerovalent copper.

Antimicrobial Activity and Biocompatibility

The nCu/PMMA nanocomposite displayed antifungal properties, with a maximum reduction in Candida albicans growth using 0.045% wt.nCu.
The SEM images showed abundant C. albicans growth on the conventional PMMA acrylic surface, but near complete absence of yeasts on the surface of the 0.045% wt.nCu/PMMA nanocomposite.
The viability of human gingival stem cells on the 0.045% wt.nCu/PMMA nanocomposite did not differ significantly from that of neat PMMA and control cells.

Copper Release and Mechanical Properties

The copper release experiments showed that the 0.055% and 0.045% wt.nCu/PMMA nanocomposites produced maximum copper concentrations of 3.8 × 10^−3 and 5.9 × 10^−3 μg·mL^−1, respectively.
The flexural strength and bending modulus of nCu/PMMA were not significantly different from those of PMMA.

Preliminary Clinical Trial

The clinical trial involved 25 patients who completed the entire 12-month protocol: 12 patients who wore conventional PMMA dentures and 13 patients who wore the experimental 0.045% wt.nCu/PMMA dentures.
The incidence of denture stomatitis (DS) was lower in the nCu/PMMA group than in the PMMA group at 7 and 12 months.
The severity of DS among the participants was also lower in the nCu/PMMA group.

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Description

This quiz covers the development of novel antimicrobial acrylic dentures modified with copper nanoparticles. It explores the properties and applications of these dentures in prosthodontic research.