62 Questions
Which generation of antihistamines includes cetirizine and fexofenadine?
Second generation
What is the mechanism of action of peripheral acting antitussives?
Acting directly on cough receptors in the trachea, pharynx, and lungs
Which antitussive should be avoided in patients with COPD and asthma?
Benzonatate
What is a common side effect of mucolytics?
Bronchospasm
Which action do expectorants have to help with sputum expulsion?
Causing irritation to increase bronchial secretions
What is the main nursing implication for antitussives?
Recommend limiting use to 4 days
Which symptom is a side effect of first-generation antihistamines?
Paradoxical excitement
Which medication is used as an antidote for Acetaminophen poisoning and also as a mucolytic?
Acetylcysteine
What is the primary nursing implication for expectorants?
Encourage increased fluid intake and humidification
Which group of antihistamines can cause systemic effects like CNS and cardiac stimulation?
First Generation Antihistamines
Which statement regarding the administration of antihistamines is correct?
Diphenhydramine should be given parenterally via deep intramuscular injection.
Which of the following statements about nasal decongestants is incorrect?
Triamcinolone is a sympathomimetic nasal decongestant.
Which of the following statements about central acting antitussives is correct?
They can cause respiratory depression and constipation as side effects.
Which of the following statements about indirect acting expectorants is incorrect?
They act directly on bronchial glands to reduce mucous viscosity.
Which of the following nursing implications is incorrect for mucolytics?
Store mucolytic solutions at room temperature and discard after 96 hours.
Which of the following statements about antihistamines is true?
First-generation antihistamines are less likely to cause drowsiness compared to second-generation antihistamines.
Which of the following statements regarding nasal decongestants is correct?
Assessing nasal mucosa is an important nursing implication when using nasal decongestants.
Which of the following statements about peripheral acting antitussives is incorrect?
They suppress the cough reflex center in the brain.
Which of the following statements about expectorants is true?
Direct acting expectorants act directly on bronchial glands to increase mucous production.
Which of the following statements about mucolytics is incorrect?
Mucolytic solutions should be stored at room temperature and discarded after 48 hours.
Which side effect is common with the use of first-generation antihistamines?
Drowsiness
What is the primary action of sympathomimetics in nasal decongestants?
Constrict blood vessels in the nose
Which drug is an example of a central acting antitussive?
Codeine
In what way do indirect acting expectorants work?
By causing irritation to increase bronchial secretions
Which side effect is associated with central acting antitussives?
Drowsiness
What is a common adverse effect of expectorants?
Drowsiness
How do first-generation antihistamines exert their effects?
By blocking histamine at H1 receptors
'Which symptom should the nurse monitor for when administering central acting antitussives?
Euphoria and constipation
Which correct option is associated with sympathomimetics?
Constrict blood vessels in the nose
Which option is true regarding diphenhydramine and hydroxyzine?
They are first-generation antihistamines.
Which of the following is the primary mechanism of action for second-generation antihistamines?
Preventing histamine from entering the receptor site
What is the primary nursing implication when administering peripheral acting antitussives like benzonatate?
Ensure the capsules are swallowed whole
How do direct acting expectorants help with sputum expulsion?
By reducing the viscosity of mucus
Which of the following is a common adverse effect associated with the use of mucolytics?
Hypersensitivity reactions
Which type of nasal decongestant works by decreasing mucous formation and reducing swelling?
Corticosteroids
Which of the following is a common side effect associated with the use of first-generation antihistamines?
Drowsiness
What is the primary action of sympathomimetics in nasal decongestants?
Constricting blood vessels in the nose
Which of the following is an example of a central acting antitussive?
Dextromethorphan
Which medication is used as both an antidote for acetaminophen poisoning and as a mucolytic?
Acetylcysteine
Which of the following statements about indirect acting expectorants is incorrect?
They act directly on bronchial glands to increase secretions
Which adverse effect is commonly associated with first-generation antihistamines?
Sedation
What is the primary nursing implication for administering expectorants?
Position the patient in high fowlers
Which drug is an example of a central acting antitussive?
Dextromethorphan
What is the primary mechanism of action for second-generation antihistamines?
Blocking histamine at H1 receptors
Which symptom is a common side effect of mucolytics?
Nausea and vomiting
What is the primary nursing implication when administering peripheral acting antitussives like benzonatate?
Ensure capsules are swallowed whole
'What symptom should the nurse monitor for when administering central acting antitussives?
Respiratory depression
What is the primary concern when administering central acting antitussives to patients with increased intracranial pressure?
Worsening of intracranial pressure
Which of the following statements regarding the administration of mucolytics is correct?
Liquid forms of mucolytics can be mixed with cola or fruit juice
Which of the following statements regarding indirect acting expectorants is true?
They cause irritation leading to increased bronchial secretions
Which of the following adverse effects is most commonly associated with the use of first-generation antihistamines?
Sedation and drowsiness
Which of the following statements regarding nasal decongestants is correct?
Rebound congestion can occur with prolonged use beyond 4 days
Which of the following nursing implications is most important when administering peripheral acting antitussives like benzonatate?
Ensure capsules are swallowed whole
Which of the following statements regarding the mechanism of action of second-generation antihistamines is correct?
They block histamine at H1 receptors, preventing histamine from entering the receptor site
Which of the following statements regarding the administration of expectorants is correct?
Deep breathing and coughing exercises should be encouraged
Which of the following statements regarding the use of mucolytics is incorrect?
Liquid forms of mucolytics should be mixed with water
Which of the following statements regarding the mechanism of action of direct acting expectorants is correct?
They act directly on bronchial glands
What is the primary mechanism of action for second-generation antihistamines?
They block histamine at H1 receptors, preventing histamine from entering the receptor site.
Which type of nasal decongestant works by decreasing mucous formation and reducing swelling?
Corticosteroids
What is the primary nursing implication when administering peripheral acting antitussives like benzonatate?
Ensure benzonatate capsules are swallowed whole
Which medication is used as both an antidote for acetaminophen poisoning and as a mucolytic?
Acetylcysteine (Cetylev)
Which of the following statements regarding the mechanism of action of direct acting expectorants is correct?
They act directly on bronchial glands to increase secretions.
Study Notes
- Antihistamines work by blocking histamine at H1 receptors to prevent its action, used for hypersensitivity reactions, seasonal allergies, nausea, vomiting, and motion sickness.
- First-generation antihistamines include diphenhydramine, hydroxyzine, and promethazine, while second-generation ones include cetirizine, loratadine, fexofenadine, and desloratadine.
- Side effects of antihistamines may include drying effect, drowsiness, hypotension, gastrointestinal irritation, photosensitivity reactions, and paradoxical excitement.
- Nursing implications for antihistamines involve taking with food (except loratadine), avoiding fruit juice with fexofenadine, administering parenterally in a deep IM injection, and monitoring drowsiness levels.
- Nasal decongestants are used to drain sinus cavities, with corticosteroids decreasing mucous formation and sympathomimetics constricting blood vessels in the nose.
- Side effects of nasal decongestants can be systemic (CNS and cardiac stimulation) and local (rebound congestion), requiring assessment of nasal mucosa and monitoring blood pressure and heart rate.
- Antitussives can be central acting (suppressing cough reflex center) or peripheral acting (acting directly on cough receptors), with examples like codeine, hydrocodone, dextromethorphan, and benzonatate.
- Nursing implications for antitussives involve avoiding in conditions like COPD and asthma, ensuring benzonatate capsules are swallowed whole, and informing the physician if cough persists beyond 5-7 days.
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