Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is the most appropriate choice for treating a fungal skin infection in a cat?
Which of the following is the most appropriate choice for treating a fungal skin infection in a cat?
Which of the following treatments is typically used for a fungal infection in the ear canal?
Which of the following treatments is typically used for a fungal infection in the ear canal?
What is the primary route of administration for Griseofulvin?
What is the primary route of administration for Griseofulvin?
What is the primary mechanism of action for Griseofulvin?
What is the primary mechanism of action for Griseofulvin?
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Which of the following medications is often used in combination with Amphotericin B for fungal infections?
Which of the following medications is often used in combination with Amphotericin B for fungal infections?
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Which drug is considered the drug of choice for blastomycosis?
Which drug is considered the drug of choice for blastomycosis?
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Which of the following drugs is NOT a topical antifungal?
Which of the following drugs is NOT a topical antifungal?
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What is the recommended dosage of Conofite Cream 2%?
What is the recommended dosage of Conofite Cream 2%?
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Which condition is NOT commonly treated with Metronidazole?
Which condition is NOT commonly treated with Metronidazole?
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Which of the following is NOT a drug interaction associated with Metronidazole?
Which of the following is NOT a drug interaction associated with Metronidazole?
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Which of the following antifungals are effective against superficial mycoses?
Which of the following antifungals are effective against superficial mycoses?
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Which antifungal class targets the cell membrane?
Which antifungal class targets the cell membrane?
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Which of the following is NOT a triazole antifungal?
Which of the following is NOT a triazole antifungal?
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Which antifungal is associated with affecting the nucleus of fungal cells?
Which antifungal is associated with affecting the nucleus of fungal cells?
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What is the primary difference between superficial and systemic mycoses?
What is the primary difference between superficial and systemic mycoses?
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Study Notes
Antifungals & Antiprotozoals
- Antifungals target fungal infections.
- Different antifungals affect different cellular structures.
- Some antifungals target the nucleus, others the cell membrane.
Antifungal Examples (Affecting the Nucleus)
- Griseofulvin
- Flucytosine
Antifungal Examples (Affecting the Cell Membrane)
- Amphotericin B
- Imidazoles (Ketoconazole, Miconazole)
- Triazoles (Itraconazole, Fluconazole)
Dermatophytosis
- A fungal skin infection.
- An example is ringworm.
- Infections affect the skin, hair, and claws.
- Common in animals like dogs, cats, and horses.
Fungal Infections: Effectiveness
- Superficial mycoses: Fungal skin infections.
- Example: Ringworm
- Systemic mycoses: Fungal infections within the body.
- Example: Histoplasmosis, blastomycosis, aspergillosis.
Griseofulvin
- Used to treat dermatophytic fungal infections of skin, hair, and claws.
- Effective for dogs, cats, and horses.
- Fungistatic.
- Approved for systemic administration.
- Oral granules are absorbed better with fatty meals.
Griseofulvin (Continued)
- Fulvicin U/F is a form of Griseofulvin.
- Fungistatic, active against dermatophytes.
- Metabolized by the liver, eliminated by the kidney.
- Known teratogen in cats.
- Oral administration (PO).
- Fulvidex Otic Suspension is a combination product with dexamethasone.
Ancotil®
- Often used to treat Cryptococcus and Candida infections.
- Often combined with Amphotericin B and ketoconazole.
- Administered orally (PO).
- Potential side effects include GI disturbances, dose-dependent bone marrow depression, cutaneous eruptions, oral ulceration, and increased hepatic enzyme levels.
Amphotericin B
- A polyene macrolide effective against most fungal pathogens.
- Used for systemic mycoses.
- Administered as an intravenous (IV) suspension - rapid or slow bolus.
- Solution is diluted in 5% dextrose.
- Nephrotoxic; renal function must be monitored (dose-related toxicity)
- Toxicity may be reduced with mannitol or sodium loading.
Itraconazole
- Drug of choice for blastomycosis and cryptococcal meningitis.
- More expensive than ketoconazole.
- Available in various forms (tablets, oral solutions) for cats and humans.
Miconazole Nitrate
- Used to treat fungal infections in dogs and cats (e.g., Conofite Cream).
- Targets various fungal species (Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes).
- Applied topically.
- Dosage is based on lesion size (e.g., 1¼ ribbon per square inch of lesion).
Mycostatin, Nilstat, Panalog®
- Topical treatment only; very toxic systemically.
- Used to treat candidial infections of the skin, mucous membranes, & GI tract.
- Used to treat Microsporum canis ear infections.
Metronidazole (Flagyl®)
- An antibiotic in the nitroimidazole group.
- Used to treat obligate anaerobic bacteria (e.g., Trichomonas, Giardia, Amebae).
- Oral (PO) and other routes of administration.
- Penetrates the blood-brain barrier.
- Anti-inflammatory properties in the large intestine.
- Can be used to treat diarrhea.
- Drug interactions with phenobarbital, cimetidine, and cyclosporine.
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Description
Explore the realm of antifungals and their mechanisms in targeting fungal infections. Learn about various antifungal agents, including their roles in treating dermatophytosis and systemic mycoses. This quiz covers key examples and their effectiveness against fungal infections.
