Antifungals & Antiprotozoals Lecture Notes PDF

ANTIFUNGALS & ANTIPROTOZOALS Affecting the Nucleus Affecting the Cell Membrane Griseofulvin Amphotericin B Flucytosine Imidazole's Ketoconazole Miconazole Triazoles...

ANTIFUNGALS & ANTIPROTOZOALS Affecting the Nucleus Affecting the Cell Membrane Griseofulvin Amphotericin B Flucytosine Imidazole's Ketoconazole Miconazole Triazoles Itraconazole Fluconazole  merckveterinarymanual Dermatophytosis  EFFECTIVENESS Superficial Mycoses Systemic Mycoses Fungal skin infections Fungal infections within the body i.e. ringworm i.e. histoplasmosis blastomycosis aspergillosis n o r t h d o w n s r e f e r r a l  GRISEOFULVIN Treatment of dermatophytic fungal infections Skin hair and claws Dogs Cats Horses Fungistatic – approved for systemic administration Oral granules (absorbed better with fatty meal)  GRISEOFULVIN Fulvicin U/F Fulvidex Otic Suspension Fungistatic Fungistatic Active against the i.e.: otitis externa dermatophytes Combined with dexamethasone Metabolized by the liver , eliminated by the kidney Known teratogen in cats PO Ancotil®️ Most often used for the treatment of Cryptococcus and Candida Often combined with Amphotericin B and ketaconazole PO GI disturbances Dose-dependent bone marrow depression Cutaneous eruptions Oral ulceration Increased level of hepatic enzymes  It is a polyene macrolide that is effective against most fungal pathogens Used for systemic mycoses Administered as a suspension via IV –rapid or slow bolus. Dilution in 5% dextrose Nephrotoxic so renal function is monitored (DOSE RELATED) Toxicity may be reduced if administered with mannitol or sodium loading Ketaconazole : Ketaconazole®️/Nizoral®️ Ketoderm®️ Itraconazole: Itrafungol®️- oral solution, cats Sporanox®️- human Itraconazole is drug of choice for Fluconazole: Diflucan®️- human blastomycosis. $$$$$ than ketaconazole - treats systemic mycosis, i.e., histoplasmosis, blastomycosis and cryptococcal meningitis Conofite Cream 2% (miconazole nitrate) -used to treat fungal infections in dogs and cats caused by: Microsporum canis Microsporum gypseum Trichophyton mentagrophytes -dosed by length, example: apply a ¼ ribbon of Conofite per square inch of lesion Malaseb shampoo – chlorhex and miconazole Mycostatin , Nilstat , Panalog® Topical only , very toxic systemically Used to treat candidial infections of skin , m.m. , & GI tract Microsporum canis infections of ear  METRONIDAZOLE: FLAGYL®️ in the group nitroimidazoles, referred to as an antibiotic used to treat Obligate anaerobic bacteria Trichomoniasis, giardiasis, amebiasis PO* (bitter taste) , parenteral (tablets, capsules, injectable, otic) penetrates the blood brain barrier , bone has anti-inflammatory properties in large intestine: used as anti-diarrhea bactericidal at concentrations equal to or slightly higher than MIC Drug interactions with phenobarbital cimetidine (Tagamet®) cyclosporine