L- 24-25, and 26- Tetracyclines , Macrolides, and Aminoglycosides

Doxycycline inhibits protein synthesis within the 30S ribosomal subunit of bacteria, ultimately preventing their multiplication.

Doxycycline is effective against a broad spectrum of bacteria, including Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, and Rickettsia.

Doxycycline is a long-acting antibiotic available both orally and intravenously.

Doxycycline is preferred for patients with renal failure due to its elimination primarily through the bile, not requiring dose adjustments.

Doxycycline's absorption is not affected by food, making it convenient for patients.

Doxycycline can cause adverse effects such as nephrotoxicity and hypersensitivity reactions.

Doxycycline is used in sustained-release preparations for subgingival administration in dentistry.

Doxycycline and minocycline are long-acting tetracyclines that can be dosed once daily for some conditions but are typically given twice a day.

Doxycycline and minocycline can be used for a variety of bacterial infections because they have broad-spectrum activity.

Doxycycline and minocycline are absorbed almost completely from the gut, allowing for effective treatment.

Doxycycline and minocycline are eliminated primarily via the bile, making them less dependent on kidney function for excretion.

Doxycycline and minocycline can reach therapeutic levels meaning effective concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), making them useful for certain brain infections

Glycylcyclines are a newer class of antibiotics derived from tetracyclines. These drugs are designed to overcome resistance mechanisms like efflux pumps and ribosomal protection.

Glycylcycline antimicrobial agents have a broad spectrum of activity and are effective against many tetracycline-resistant strains of bacteria.

Some tetracycline-resistant strains may still be susceptible to doxycycline and minocycline, because resistance mechanisms like efflux pumps do not affect them.

Doxycycline and minocycline can sometimes be given with food to help prevent stomach upset, although they are not significantly affected by food. Dairy products, however, can decrease absorption.

Erythromycin binds to a specific region of the 23S rRNA of the bacterial 50S ribosomal subunit, preventing protein synthesis by blocking translocation, a process required for polypeptide chain elongation.

Erythromycin is most effective against gram-positive bacteria, such as staphylococci and streptococci, due to their efficient accumulation of the drug.

Erythromycin is a motilin agonist, which can cause gastrointestinal motility issues like nausea and diarrhea.

Erythromycin is most effective with gram-positive bacteria like Staphylococci and Streptococci. It's less effective against gram-negative bacteria, but it does show some activity against bacteria like Legionella, Campylobacter, and Bordetella pertussis.

Erythromycin can prolong the QT interval on an EKG, increasing the risk of arrhythmias. This risk is higher with erythromycin compared to other macrolides like azithromycin and clarithromycin.

Tigecycline is a synthetic antibiotic belonging to the glycylcycline class, a newer generation of tetracyclines, with a wider range of activity than older tetracycline drugs.

Tigecycline inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by targeting the 30S ribosomal subunit, preventing bacterial growth.

Tigecycline is used for treating complicated skin infections, infections within the abdomen, and certain types of pneumonia.

Tigecycline is given intravenously as it is poorly absorbed by the body when taken orally.

Tigecycline can cause side effects like nausea, vomiting, pancreatitis, liver enzyme elevation, and kidney issues. It is generally reserved for infections that cannot be treated with other antibiotics.

Eravacycline is a newer synthetic tetracycline antibiotic with a similar mechanism of action to Tigecycline.

Eravacycline is particularly effective against Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococci, Enterococci, and even some bacteria resistant to older tetracyclines.

Eravacycline is mainly used for treating complicated intra-abdominal infections, and some skin and skin structure infections.

Eravacycline's administration is similar to Tigecycline, requiring intravenous delivery due to poor oral absorption.

Eravacycline is a newer antibiotic with a broader spectrum than Tigecycline, often effective against bacteria that have become resistant to older tetracyclines.

A synthetic tetracycline derivative with a broader spectrum of activity than traditional tetracyclines, effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

A newer tetracycline antibiotic specifically approved for the treatment of acne vulgaris.

The primary mechanism of resistance to tetracyclines, where bacterial cells actively pump the antibiotic out.

The process by which a drug's concentration in the body is reduced, primarily through the liver and kidneys.

A measure of how tightly a drug binds to proteins in the bloodstream.

The process by which a drug moves from its site of administration into the bloodstream.

The ability of a drug to reach its target site in the body and exert its effect.

A drug's tendency to accumulate in a particular tissue, often leading to higher concentrations at that site.

The measure of time it takes for a drug's concentration in the body to decrease by half.

The drug that can be administered by mouth, allowing for convenient and flexible treatment.