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Questions and Answers
What type of medication is Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) classified as?
What type of medication is Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) classified as?
- Anticholinergic medication
- H2 blocker
- MAOI antidepressant
- H1 blocker (correct)
What is the primary mechanism of action of anti-histamines in treating allergic reactions?
What is the primary mechanism of action of anti-histamines in treating allergic reactions?
- Increasing serotonin levels
- Blocking histamine receptors (correct)
- Reducing histamine release from mast cells
- Reducing dopamine levels
What is a common side effect of anti-histamines?
What is a common side effect of anti-histamines?
- Headache (correct)
- Seizures
- Confusion
- All of the above
What is a potential interaction of anti-histamines with sedatives and tranquilizers?
What is a potential interaction of anti-histamines with sedatives and tranquilizers?
Which of the following anti-histamines is considered non-drowsy?
Which of the following anti-histamines is considered non-drowsy?
What is a less common side effect of anti-histamines?
What is a less common side effect of anti-histamines?
What is the primary function of H1 histamine receptors?
What is the primary function of H1 histamine receptors?
What is the effect of histamine release on blood vessels during an allergic reaction?
What is the effect of histamine release on blood vessels during an allergic reaction?
What is the underlying cause of histamine intolerance?
What is the underlying cause of histamine intolerance?
What is the role of histamine in the regulation of gastric acid secretion?
What is the role of histamine in the regulation of gastric acid secretion?
What is the role of histamine in the brain?
What is the role of histamine in the brain?
What is a potential consequence of imbalances in histamine levels or receptor function in the brain?
What is a potential consequence of imbalances in histamine levels or receptor function in the brain?
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Study Notes
Anti-Histamine Study Notes
Medication Interactions
- Anti-histamines can interact with:
- Sedatives and tranquilizers, increasing the risk of drowsiness
- Anticholinergic medications, increasing the risk of dry mouth, constipation, and urinary retention
- MAOI (monoamine oxidase inhibitors) antidepressants, increasing the risk of serotonin syndrome
Histamine Blockers
- Anti-histamines work by blocking histamine receptors (H1, H2, H3, H4) in the body
- H1 blockers:
- Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
- Loratadine (Claritin)
- Cetirizine (Zyrtec)
- H2 blockers:
- Ranitidine (Zantac)
- Famotidine (Pepcid)
Allergic Reactions
- Anti-histamines are used to treat allergic reactions by:
- Reducing histamine release from mast cells
- Blocking histamine receptors, reducing symptoms such as itching, sneezing, and runny nose
Side Effects
- Common side effects of anti-histamines:
- Drowsiness
- Dizziness
- Dry mouth
- Headache
- Stomach upset
- Less common side effects:
- Confusion
- Hallucinations
- Seizures
Non-Drowsy Options
- Non-drowsy anti-histamines:
- Loratadine (Claritin)
- Cetirizine (Zyrtec)
- Fexofenadine (Allegra)
- Levocetirizine (Xyzal)
- These medications are designed to reduce the risk of drowsiness, but may still cause drowsiness in some individuals.
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