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Questions and Answers
What type of medication is Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) classified as?
What type of medication is Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) classified as?
What is the primary mechanism of action of anti-histamines in treating allergic reactions?
What is the primary mechanism of action of anti-histamines in treating allergic reactions?
What is a common side effect of anti-histamines?
What is a common side effect of anti-histamines?
What is a potential interaction of anti-histamines with sedatives and tranquilizers?
What is a potential interaction of anti-histamines with sedatives and tranquilizers?
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Which of the following anti-histamines is considered non-drowsy?
Which of the following anti-histamines is considered non-drowsy?
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What is a less common side effect of anti-histamines?
What is a less common side effect of anti-histamines?
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What is the primary function of H1 histamine receptors?
What is the primary function of H1 histamine receptors?
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What is the effect of histamine release on blood vessels during an allergic reaction?
What is the effect of histamine release on blood vessels during an allergic reaction?
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What is the underlying cause of histamine intolerance?
What is the underlying cause of histamine intolerance?
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What is the role of histamine in the regulation of gastric acid secretion?
What is the role of histamine in the regulation of gastric acid secretion?
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What is the role of histamine in the brain?
What is the role of histamine in the brain?
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What is a potential consequence of imbalances in histamine levels or receptor function in the brain?
What is a potential consequence of imbalances in histamine levels or receptor function in the brain?
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Study Notes
Anti-Histamine Study Notes
Medication Interactions
- Anti-histamines can interact with:
- Sedatives and tranquilizers, increasing the risk of drowsiness
- Anticholinergic medications, increasing the risk of dry mouth, constipation, and urinary retention
- MAOI (monoamine oxidase inhibitors) antidepressants, increasing the risk of serotonin syndrome
Histamine Blockers
- Anti-histamines work by blocking histamine receptors (H1, H2, H3, H4) in the body
- H1 blockers:
- Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
- Loratadine (Claritin)
- Cetirizine (Zyrtec)
- H2 blockers:
- Ranitidine (Zantac)
- Famotidine (Pepcid)
Allergic Reactions
- Anti-histamines are used to treat allergic reactions by:
- Reducing histamine release from mast cells
- Blocking histamine receptors, reducing symptoms such as itching, sneezing, and runny nose
Side Effects
- Common side effects of anti-histamines:
- Drowsiness
- Dizziness
- Dry mouth
- Headache
- Stomach upset
- Less common side effects:
- Confusion
- Hallucinations
- Seizures
Non-Drowsy Options
- Non-drowsy anti-histamines:
- Loratadine (Claritin)
- Cetirizine (Zyrtec)
- Fexofenadine (Allegra)
- Levocetirizine (Xyzal)
- These medications are designed to reduce the risk of drowsiness, but may still cause drowsiness in some individuals.
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Description
Learn about anti-histamine medications, their interactions, effects, and side effects. Understand how they work, their types, and non-drowsy options. A study guide for medical students and professionals.
