Pharmacology Chapter 15 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

Proscar is used to treat which condition?

  • Gout
  • Incontinence
  • Edema
  • BPH (correct)

Probenecid is used to treat which condition?

  • Gout (correct)
  • Heart failure
  • Hypertension
  • Diabetes

Hydrochlorothiazide is used to treat which condition?

  • Heart failure
  • Gout
  • Edema (correct)
  • Arthritis

Ditropan is used to treat which condition?

<p>Incontinence (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Allopurinol is used to treat which condition?

<p>Gout (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Lasix is used to treat which condition?

<p>Congestive heart failure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cardura is used to treat which condition?

<p>BPH (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Detrol is used to treat which condition?

<p>Incontinence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bumex is used to treat which condition?

<p>Congestive heart failure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Microzide is used to treat which condition?

<p>Edema (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Patients taking combination potassium-sparing diuretics and thiazides should be given the following instructions EXCEPT:

<p>Take before meals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Osmotic agents, for example mannitol, are used in all of the following conditions EXCEPT:

<p>Hypertension (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The following statements are true of probenecid EXCEPT:

<p>Anti-inflammatory (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The following statements are true of urecholine EXCEPT:

<p>For BPH (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The following statements are true of pyridium EXCEPT:

<p>Anti-infective (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Metabolism happens in which organs?

<p>Liver and lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

Excretion happens in which organs?

<p>Kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

Absorption happens in which organs?

<p>Stomach and intestines</p> Signup and view all the answers

Diuretics action:

<p>Increase urine excretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

Thiazides are used for which condition?

<p>Hypertension (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An example of a thiazide?

<p>Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Thiazides are contraindicated for?

<p>Diabetes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Loop diuretics action:

<p>Inhibits water reabsorption increasing the urine formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

An example of a loop diuretic is?

<p>Furosemide (Lasix)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Loop diuretics are contraindicated for?

<p>Pregnant women (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An example of a potassium-sparing drug?

<p>Spironolactone</p> Signup and view all the answers

The treatment of choice for cirrhosis is?

<p>Spironolactone</p> Signup and view all the answers

Osmotic agents drug use?

<p>To reduce intracranial or intraocular pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

An example of an osmotic agent is?

<p>Mannitol</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is an inflammatory condition like 'arthritis' in which uric acid crystals are deposited in and around the joint?

<p>Gout (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Uricosuric agents action:

<p>Block the reabsorption in the kidney and promote urinary excretion of uric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug used for gout does not have any analgesic or anti-inflammatory activity?

<p>Uricosuric agent (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Antispasmodic drug action:

<p>Anticholinergic (blocking parasympathetic system)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Antispasmodic uses:

<p>Reduce the strength and frequency of contraction of the urinary bladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

An example of an antispasmodic is?

<p>Tolterodine</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cholinergics uses:

<p>Stimulating parasympathetic nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

An example of cholinergic drug:

<p>Bethanechol (urecholine)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Urinary analgesics uses:

<p>Relieves burning pain, discomfort, and urgency in UTI</p> Signup and view all the answers

An example of a urinary analgesic?

<p>Phenazopyridine</p> Signup and view all the answers

Antiandrogens are used to treat which condition?

<p>BPH (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Antiandrogens are used:

<p>To reduce prostate size</p> Signup and view all the answers

An example of an antiandrogen?

<p>Finasteride</p> Signup and view all the answers

An example of an alpha blocker used for BPH:

<p>Tamsulosin (Flomax)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Proscar

Treats benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

Probenecid

Used to manage gout.

Hydrochlorothiazide

Primarily treats edema.

Ditropan (Oxybutynin)

Addresses incontinence.

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Allopurinol

Manages gout.

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Lasix (Furosemide)

Effective for congestive heart failure.

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Cardura

Used in the treatment of BPH.

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Detrol (Tolterodine)

Treats incontinence.

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Bumex (Bumetanide)

Also used for congestive heart failure.

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Microzide

Acts on edema.

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Instructions for patients using potassium-sparing diuretics with thiazides

Patients using potassium-sparing diuretics with thiazides should avoid salt substitutes, rise slowly, and report sudden weight loss. They should NOT take this medication before meals.

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Mannitol's use

An osmotic agent used for conditions like traumatic brain injury; NOT effective for hypertension.

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Probenecid facts

It can cause kidney stones, is used for chronic gout, and interacts with penicillin; it is NOT an anti-inflammatory.

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Urecholine

Stimulates bladder contractions and is used for postoperative urinary retention; NOT indicated for BPH.

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Pyridium characteristics

Colors urine orange-red and may interfere with kidney tests; it is NOT an anti-infective, functioning as an analgesic.

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Pharmacokinetics - Metabolism

Metabolism occurs primarily in the liver and lungs.

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Pharmacokinetics - Excretion

Excretion is carried out by the kidneys.

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Pharmacokinetics - Absorption

Absorption takes place in the stomach and intestines.

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Diuretics - Mechanism

Diuretics increase urine excretion.

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Thiazides

Used for hypertension (e.g., hydrochlorothiazide) and are contraindicated in diabetes.

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Loop diuretics

Like furosemide, also inhibit water reabsorption and are contraindicated in pregnancy and lactation.

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Spironolactone

An example of a potassium-sparing drug, which is the treatment of choice for cirrhosis.

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Uric acid management

Uric acid levels are regulated by uricosuric agents, which block reabsorption in the kidneys. Notably, uricosuric agents have no analgesic or anti-inflammatory effects in gout management.

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Antispasmodics

Antispasmodics, functioning as anticholinergics, reduce urinary bladder contractions. An example is tolterodine.

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Cholinergic Agents

Used to stimulate parasympathetic nerves, exemplified by bethanechol (Urecholine).

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Urinary analgesics

Urinary analgesics relieve discomfort in urinary tract infections, with an example being phenazopyridine.

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Antiandrogens

Used to treat BPH by reducing prostate size, with finasteride as a notable example.

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Alpha blockers

Alpha blockers such as tamsulosin (Flomax) are also used for BPH treatment.

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Study Notes

Medications and Their Uses

  • Proscar: Treats benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
  • Probenecid: Used to manage gout.
  • Hydrochlorothiazide: Primarily treats edema.
  • Ditropan (Oxybutynin): Addresses incontinence.
  • Allopurinol: Manages gout.
  • Lasix (Furosemide): Effective for congestive heart failure.
  • Cardura: Used in the treatment of BPH.
  • Detrol (Tolterodine): Treats incontinence.
  • Bumex (Bumetanide): Also used for congestive heart failure.
  • Microzide: Acts on edema.

Instructions for Patients

  • Patients using potassium-sparing diuretics with thiazides should avoid salt substitutes, rise slowly, and report sudden weight loss; they should not take the medication before meals.

Effects of Osmotic Agents

  • Mannitol is an osmotic agent used for conditions like traumatic brain injury; not effective for hypertension.

Probenecid Facts

  • It can cause kidney stones, is used for chronic gout, and interacts with penicillin; it is not an anti-inflammatory.

Urecholine Overview

  • Urecholine stimulates bladder contractions and is used for postoperative urinary retention; not indicated for BPH.

Pyridium Characteristics

  • Colors urine orange-red and may interfere with kidney tests; it is not an anti-infective, functioning as an analgesic.

Pharmacokinetics

  • Metabolism occurs primarily in the liver and lungs.
  • Excretion is carried out by the kidneys.
  • Absorption takes place in the stomach and intestines.

Diuretics Mechanism and Types

  • Diuretics increase urine excretion.
  • Thiazides are used for hypertension (e.g., hydrochlorothiazide) and are contraindicated in diabetes.
  • Loop diuretics, such as furosemide, also inhibit water reabsorption and are contraindicated in pregnancy and lactation.
  • An example of a potassium-sparing drug is spironolactone, which is the treatment of choice for cirrhosis.

Uric Acid Management

  • Uric acid levels are regulated by uricosuric agents, which block reabsorption in the kidneys.
  • Notably, uricosuric agents have no analgesic or anti-inflammatory effects in gout management.

Antispasmodics

  • Antispasmodics, functioning as anticholinergics, reduce urinary bladder contractions.
  • An example is tolterodine.

Cholinergic Agents

  • Used to stimulate parasympathetic nerves, exemplified by bethanechol (Urecholine).

Urinary Analgesics

  • Urinary analgesics relieve discomfort in urinary tract infections, with an example being phenazopyridine.

Antiandrogens

  • Used to treat BPH by reducing prostate size, with finasteride as a notable example.
  • Alpha blockers such as tamsulosin (Flomax) are also used for BPH treatment.

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Description

This quiz focuses on key medications and their uses as covered in Pharmacology Chapter 15. Participants will learn about various drugs and the conditions they are prescribed to treat. Great for students looking to reinforce their understanding of pharmacological treatments.

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