Appetite Chapter 9
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Questions and Answers

Which term is used to describe someone who eats too little?

  • Hyperphagia
  • Anorexia nervosa
  • Anorexia (correct)
  • Bulimia

    • What is the literal meaning of the term 'anorexia'?

  • Lack of appetite (correct)
  • Lack of sleep
  • Excessive appetite
  • Excessive sleep

    • What is the focus of this chapter?

  • Sleep disorders
  • Overeating disorders
  • Eating too little (correct)
  • Digestive disorders

    • Which group of individuals is more likely to have an exaggerated view of their body size?

    <p>Women</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one possible motivating factor for demonstrating an eating disorder?

    <p>Judging other women's body sizes as thinner than their own</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a concern about certain websites mentioned in the text?

    <p>Promoting dangerous eating disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a potential cause of anorexia?

    <p>Depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between depression and eating in non-dieters?

    <p>Depression causes decreased eating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Caloric Restriction Society dedicated to?

    <p>Understanding and promoting the Caloric Restriction diet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most popular method for measuring weight gain and loss?

    <p>Body mass index (BMI)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which eating disorder is primarily characterized by binging and purging, but also includes anorexic behaviors?

    <p>Bulimia nervosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of anorexics are female?

    <p>90%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which age range does anorexia nervosa generally develop?

    <p>Adolescence or early adulthood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of women demonstrating the characteristics of anorexia nervosa will die from it or commit suicide in any 10-year period?

    <p>5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about BMI?

    <p>BMI is affected by muscle mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the BMI range for someone who is considered underweight?

    <p>Below 18.5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are two likely correlates of being very thin?

    <p>Anemia and osteoporosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can taste aversion learning be helpful in treating cancer anorexia?

    <p>It can prevent cancer patients from developing aversions to the foods they usually eat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the American Psychiatric Association, what are the diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa?

    <p>D. All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which subtype of anorexia nervosa involves weight loss primarily through dieting, fasting, and/or excessive exercise?

    <p>A. Restricting subtype</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one common perception of individuals with anorexia nervosa regarding their bodies?

    <p>B. They perceive their bodies as larger and heavier than they really are</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common physical symptom of anorexia nervosa?

    <p>A. Irregular menstruation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is considered a prime suspect for one cause of anorexia nervosa?

    <p>Media and cultural influence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When did girls in America start actively attempting to decrease their body weights?

    <p>1920s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the consequence of the fashion industry's image of the ideal female body being super-thin?

    <p>Unhealthy body standards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are 'pro-ana' and 'pro-mia' websites devoted to promoting?

    <p>Anorexia nervosa and bulimia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the study by Fallon and Rozin, which figure did women choose as representing their current figure?

    <p>A figure similar to their current shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What figure did men choose as representing their ideal figure?

    <p>A figure similar to their current shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the difference between the male figure judged by men to be most attractive to women and what women actually preferred?

    <p>The male figure judged by men was heavier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a potential consequence of abnormal eating behaviors?

    <p>Increased appetite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe individuals who are preoccupied with the idea that their body build is too small or insufficiently muscular?

    <p>Muscle dysmorphia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the collection of eating disorders, menstrual dysfunction, and bone mineral deficiency that can cause osteoporosis in female athletes?

    <p>Female athlete triad</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of children aged 7 to 10 years, particularly girls, reported dieting or currently dieting?

    <p>23%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two types of treatments for anorexia nervosa?

    <p>Immediate weight gain and weight maintenance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of treatments designed to obtain an immediate weight gain in anorexia nervosa patients?

    <p>To prevent starvation and ensure survival</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the treatments used to help anorexics gain weight immediately?

    <p>Nurturance, behavior therapy, and drug therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of psychotherapy has been frequently used for the treatment of anorexia nervosa?

    <p>Cognitive-behavior therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of therapy has been shown to be effective with adolescent anorexics?

    <p>Family therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Maudsley model of family therapy?

    <p>A method of therapy that involves working with the anorexic's family</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did B. Timothy Walsh state about the effectiveness of interventions for anorexia nervosa?

    <p>Interventions for anorexia nervosa have varying levels of effectiveness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of bulimia nervosa?

    <p>Self-induced vomiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one physiological abnormality found in anorexia nervosa?

    <p>High levels of some hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one possible cause of hyperactivity in anorexics?

    <p>Low body weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one potential explanation for the development of anorexia nervosa?

    <p>Using anorexia as a way of gaining attention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential relationship between physiological abnormalities and anorexia nervosa?

    <p>Physiological abnormalities are effects, not causes, of anorexia nervosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which physiological changes in vomiting bulimics can help detect bulimia nervosa?

    <p>Scrapes on the back of the hand and eroded tooth enamel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why don't bulimics develop taste aversions to the foods they eat during binges?

    <p>The foods eaten during binges are not paired with the vomiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an interesting physiological characteristic to examine in bulimics?

    <p>Metabolic rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between metabolic rate and weight gain/loss?

    <p>A lower metabolic rate leads to more weight gain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a difference between bulimics and anorexics in terms of eating behaviors?

    <p>Anorexics report less of a decrease in hunger after having eaten food prior to a meal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential cause of the physiological abnormalities found in bulimics?

    <p>Binging and purging behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one potential explanation for the differences in hunger and satiety between bulimics and nonbulimics?

    <p>Genetic contributions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a potential treatment for bulimia?

    <p>Medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one potential consequence of abnormal eating behaviors?

    <p>Increased risk of developing osteoporosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one potential cause of hyperactivity in individuals with anorexia?

    <p>Excessive exercise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential common underlying cause of bulimia nervosa and other impulsiveness disorders?

    <p>Low levels of serotonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the standard treatment for bulimia nervosa?

    <p>Traditional cognitive-behavior therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of drug therapies for bulimia nervosa?

    <p>Ameliorating depression and raising serotonin levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of abnormal eating behaviors in individuals with bulimia nervosa?

    <p>Enhancement of neural responses to food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Eating Disorders

    • Anorexia is a term used to describe someone who eats too little, and its literal meaning is "nervous loss of appetite".
    • The focus of this chapter is on eating disorders, particularly anorexia and bulimia.

    Anorexia

    • Individuals with an exaggerated view of their body size are more likely to have an eating disorder.
    • One possible motivating factor for demonstrating an eating disorder is the desire to be thin.
    • A concern about certain websites is that they promote anorexia.
    • 95-97% of anorexics are female.
    • Anorexia nervosa generally develops in adolescence and early adulthood.
    • 5-10% of women with anorexia nervosa will die from it or commit suicide in any 10-year period.
    • BMI (Body Mass Index) is a measure of weight relative to height, and a BMI range of 18.5 or less is considered underweight.
    • Two likely correlates of being very thin are osteoporosis and depression.
    • Anorexia nervosa is primarily characterized by a distorted body image and excessive weight loss.

    Treatments for Anorexia

    • The two types of treatments for anorexia nervosa are immediate weight gain and psychotherapy.
    • The purpose of treatments designed to obtain an immediate weight gain is to restore a healthy weight and alleviate symptoms.
    • Treatments used to help anorexics gain weight immediately include nutrition counseling and meal planning.
    • Cognitive-behavioral therapy has been frequently used for the treatment of anorexia nervosa.
    • Family-based therapy, specifically the Maudsley model, has been shown to be effective with adolescent anorexics.

    Bulimia

    • Bulimia nervosa is characterized by bingeing and purging, and is often accompanied by anorexic behaviors.
    • One physiological abnormality found in anorexia nervosa is hyperactivity, which can be caused by abnormalities in the brain's reward system.
    • One potential explanation for the development of anorexia nervosa is the cultural pressure to be thin.
    • The potential relationship between physiological abnormalities and anorexia nervosa is that the abnormalities can contribute to the development of the disorder.
    • Physiological changes in vomiting bulimics, such as electrolyte imbalances and gastric rupture, can help detect bulimia nervosa.
    • Bulimics do not develop taste aversions to the foods they eat during binges due to the activation of the brain's reward system.
    • An interesting physiological characteristic to examine in bulimics is their metabolic rate, which can be affected by the disorder.
    • The relationship between metabolic rate and weight gain/loss is that a higher metabolic rate can lead to weight loss.
    • One potential cause of the physiological abnormalities found in bulimics is the frequent purging and bingeing behaviors.
    • One potential explanation for the differences in hunger and satiety between bulimics and nonbulimics is the abnormal regulation of appetite hormones.

    Treatment for Bulimia

    • The standard treatment for bulimia nervosa is a combination of cognitive-behavioral therapy and antidepressant medication.
    • The primary focus of drug therapies for bulimia is to reduce symptoms of bingeing and purging.
    • One potential consequence of abnormal eating behaviors in individuals with bulimia nervosa is electrolyte imbalances and dehydration.

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