Anomalies of the Interventricular Septum (VSD)

What is the purpose of the foramen ovale during fetal development?

To allow blood to flow from the left atrium to the right atrium (correct)
To allow blood to flow from the left ventricle to the right ventricle
To allow blood to flow from the right ventricle to the left ventricle
To allow blood to flow from the right atrium to the left atrium

Which of the following is the most accurate description of the septum secundum?

A C-shaped septum that arises from the roof of the common atrium on the left side of the septum primum
A C-shaped septum that arises from the floor of the common atrium on the right side of the septum primum
A C-shaped septum that arises from the floor of the common atrium on the left side of the septum primum
A C-shaped septum that arises from the roof of the common atrium on the right side of the septum primum (correct)

What is the significance of a patent foramen ovale?

It allows blood to flow from the right ventricle to the left ventricle even after birth
It allows blood to flow from the right atrium to the left atrium even after birth (correct)
It allows blood to flow from the left ventricle to the right ventricle even after birth
It allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the right atrium even after birth

What is the primary cause of a trilocular heart?

Failure of development of the interatrial septum (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the MOST CORRECT description of the development of the interventricular septum?

The interventricular septum is formed by the failure of development of the membranous part of the septum only. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the bulbar ridges in the development of the heart?

They divide the bulbus cordis into the anterior and posterior parts (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the MOST LIKELY cause of transposition of the greater vessels (TGA)?

Failure of the aortico-pulmonary septum to spiral. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cardiogenic plate during heart development?

To form the heart tubes (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the MOST LIKELY cause of a persistent truncus arteriosus (PTA)?

Failure of development of the aortico-pulmonary septum. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the MOST ACCURATE description of Fallot's Tetralogy (FT)?

FT is characterized by pulmonary stenosis, right ventricular hypertrophy, overriding of the aorta, and ventricular septal defect. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the MOST LIKELY cause of a complete absence of the interventricular septum?

Failure of development of both the membranous and muscular parts of the septum. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the MOST ACCURATE description of the development of the truncus arteriosus (TA)?

The TA develops from two ridges that appear in the cephalic part of the TA, which then grow and fuse to form the spiral aortico-pulmonary septum. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure that forms septum intermedium which divides the atrioventricular canal into right and left halves?

Both ventral and dorsal endocardial cushions (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the atrioventricular (A-V) canal corresponds to the tricuspid and mitral valves?

Upper (B) Signup and view all the answers

What embryological component forms the smooth part of the left atrium?

Left half of the primitive atrium (auricle) (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the descending C-shaped septum that leaves an opening below called the ostium primum?

Septum primum (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which structure descends from the roof of the common atrium towards the septum intermedium forming the ostium secundum?

Septum primum (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the heart tube contributes to forming the interventricular septum (membranous part)?

Left atrium (C) Signup and view all the answers