Animal Organization and Cell Biology Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which tissue type is found in the lining of the intestine and gallbladder?

  • Stratified squamous
  • Transitional
  • Simple cuboidal
  • Simple columnar (correct)

    • In which location can transitional epithelial tissue be found?

  • Glands, duct, and portions of the kidney tubules
  • Urinary bladder, renal pelvis, and ureters (correct)
  • Mouth, blood vessels, and lungs
  • Nasal cavity, bronchi, and trachea

    • Which tissue type appears multi-layered but is actually one layer?

  • Simple cuboidal
  • Simple squamous
  • Pseudostratified columnar (correct)
  • Stratified squamous

    • Where is stratified squamous epithelial tissue found?

    <p>Mouth and esophagus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tissue type lines the nasal cavity, bronchi, and trachea?

    <p>Pseudostratified columnar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the surface modifications present in some epithelial tissues?

    <p>Cilia, microvilli, stereocilia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cell division produces two identical daughter cells?

    <p>Mitosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of B cells in the immune response?

    <p>Producing antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which a cell splits into two daughter cells called?

    <p>Cell division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are monocytes and platelets in terms of their structure and function?

    <p>Non-nucleated cell fragments involved in blood clotting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of the cell cycle involves growth and preparation for division?

    <p>Interphase (G1)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of muscle is attached to bone and has voluntary contraction?

    <p>Skeletal muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle type is found in the walls of internal organs and has involuntary contraction?

    <p>Smooth muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of muscle is present in the heart and has involuntary contraction?

    <p>Cardiac muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two major parts of the nervous system?

    <p>Central and Peripheral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the structural and functional unit of the nervous system?

    <p>Neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of connective tissue is found at bone ends, acts as a shock absorber, and made up of chondroblasts and chondrocytes?

    <p>Articular cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cell division results in four haploid gametes from one diploid germ cell?

    <p>Meiosis II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which a cell splits into two daughter cells called?

    <p>Cytokinesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the cell cycle does the growth and preparation for division occur?

    <p>G1 phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of B cells in the immune response?

    <p>Producing antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are monocytes and platelets in terms of their structure and function?

    <p>Nucleated cell fragments involved in blood clotting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tissue can stretch and change shape, and is found in the urinary bladder, renal pelvis, and ureters?

    <p>Transitional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the tissue type found in mammary ducts and epididymis?

    <p>Stratified columnar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which surface modification is present in the lining of the intestine and gallbladder?

    <p>Microvilli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where can pseudostratified columnar epithelial tissue be found?

    <p>Nasal cavity, bronchi, and trachea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which location can stratified squamous epithelial tissue be found?

    <p>Mouth and blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of granulocytes in the body?

    <p>Aid in defense and immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are chondroblasts and chondrocytes found in the body?

    <p>At bone ends and in trachea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of smooth muscles?

    <p>Spindle shape and involuntary contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes cardiac muscles from other muscle types?

    <p>Presence of intercalated disks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of blood in the body?

    <p>Transports oxygen, nutrients, and waste products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of skeletal muscles?

    <p>Contraction is voluntary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where can smooth muscles primarily be found?

    <p>Intestine and blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of leukocytes in the body?

    <p>Aid in defense and immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tissue type is found in the lining of the intestine and gallbladder?

    <p>Simple columnar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tissue can stretch and change shape, and is found in the urinary bladder, renal pelvis, and ureters?

    <p>Transitional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which surface modification is present in the lining of the intestine and gallbladder?

    <p>Microvilli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of T cells in the immune response?

    <p>Acting against virus-infected cells and tumors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which a cell splits into two identical daughter cells called?

    <p>Eukaryotic mitosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during meiosis I?

    <p>Chromatids separate at the centromere, resulting in two haploid daughter cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during telophase II of meiosis?

    <p>Chromatids separate at the centromere, and each chromatid migrates to an opposite pole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which surface modification is present in the lining of the intestine and gallbladder?

    <p>Microvilli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is stratified squamous epithelial tissue found?

    <p>Mouth and esophagus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of muscle is present in the heart and has involuntary contraction?

    <p>Cardiac muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle type is characterized by voluntary contraction and striation of contractile filaments?

    <p>Smooth muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes granulocytes from agranulocytes?

    <p>Shape of the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which connective tissue class has a complex structure with Haversian systems and osteocytes?

    <p>Cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cell division results in the production of four haploid gametes from one diploid germ cell?

    <p>Meiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during prophase I of meiosis?

    <p>Crossing over of genetic material between homologous chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of monocytes in the body?

    <p>Differentiate into macrophages to engulf pathogens and debris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of the cell cycle involves the growth and preparation for division?

    <p>G1 phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    • Three types of muscles: Skeletal, Smooth, and Cardiac

    • Skeletal muscles: Skeletal muscles are attached to bone, contraction is voluntary, striated with striation of contractile filaments (actin, myosin), nuclei are located at the periphery

    • Smooth muscles: Internal organs muscles, spindle shape, contraction is involuntary, non-striated with nuclei present, make up the walls of internal organs such as intestine and blood vessels

    • Cardiac muscles: In the heart, involuntary contraction, striated and nucleated, branched and bound together by intercalated disks

    • Nervous tissue: Components of the nervous system, two major parts: Central (Brain & Spinal Cord) and Peripheral (nerves), neurons transmit nerve impulses, neuroglia provide support

    • Neurons: Structural and functional unit of the nervous system, composed of a cell body (soma), dendrites, axon, and nucleus

    • Connective tissue: Five classes including bones, cartilage, adipose tissue, loose and dense connective tissue, functions as a connector, supporter, and binder

    • Bones: Compact bone has a complex structure with Haversian systems, central canals, osteocytes, and blood vessels

    • Cartilage: Found at bone ends and in trachea, protects bones, acts as a shock absorber, made up of cells called chondroblasts and chondrocytes, and an extracellular matrix

    • Blood: Liquid tissue in the body, consisting of cells and a plasma matrix, transports oxygen, nutrients, and waste products, regulates body temperature, and protects against disease

    • Leukocytes: White blood cells, have nuclei and mitochondria, aid in defense and immunity, can move through tissue and phagocytize foreign agents, classified as granulocytes and agranulocytes based on their granules

    • Granulocytes: Multilobular nucleus (polymorphnuclear), granules stain differently when using specific stains, neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils have distinct characteristics

    • Agranulocytes: Mononuclear cells, monocytes leave the bloodstream to become macrophages, defend the body against viruses and bacteria.

    • Three types of muscles: Skeletal, Smooth, and Cardiac

    • Skeletal muscles: Skeletal muscles are attached to bone, contraction is voluntary, striated with striation of contractile filaments (actin, myosin), nuclei are located at the periphery

    • Smooth muscles: Internal organs muscles, spindle shape, contraction is involuntary, non-striated with nuclei present, make up the walls of internal organs such as intestine and blood vessels

    • Cardiac muscles: In the heart, involuntary contraction, striated and nucleated, branched and bound together by intercalated disks

    • Nervous tissue: Components of the nervous system, two major parts: Central (Brain & Spinal Cord) and Peripheral (nerves), neurons transmit nerve impulses, neuroglia provide support

    • Neurons: Structural and functional unit of the nervous system, composed of a cell body (soma), dendrites, axon, and nucleus

    • Connective tissue: Five classes including bones, cartilage, adipose tissue, loose and dense connective tissue, functions as a connector, supporter, and binder

    • Bones: Compact bone has a complex structure with Haversian systems, central canals, osteocytes, and blood vessels

    • Cartilage: Found at bone ends and in trachea, protects bones, acts as a shock absorber, made up of cells called chondroblasts and chondrocytes, and an extracellular matrix

    • Blood: Liquid tissue in the body, consisting of cells and a plasma matrix, transports oxygen, nutrients, and waste products, regulates body temperature, and protects against disease

    • Leukocytes: White blood cells, have nuclei and mitochondria, aid in defense and immunity, can move through tissue and phagocytize foreign agents, classified as granulocytes and agranulocytes based on their granules

    • Granulocytes: Multilobular nucleus (polymorphnuclear), granules stain differently when using specific stains, neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils have distinct characteristics

    • Agranulocytes: Mononuclear cells, monocytes leave the bloodstream to become macrophages, defend the body against viruses and bacteria.

    • Three types of muscles: Skeletal, Smooth, and Cardiac

    • Skeletal muscles: Skeletal muscles are attached to bone, contraction is voluntary, striated with striation of contractile filaments (actin, myosin), nuclei are located at the periphery

    • Smooth muscles: Internal organs muscles, spindle shape, contraction is involuntary, non-striated with nuclei present, make up the walls of internal organs such as intestine and blood vessels

    • Cardiac muscles: In the heart, involuntary contraction, striated and nucleated, branched and bound together by intercalated disks

    • Nervous tissue: Components of the nervous system, two major parts: Central (Brain & Spinal Cord) and Peripheral (nerves), neurons transmit nerve impulses, neuroglia provide support

    • Neurons: Structural and functional unit of the nervous system, composed of a cell body (soma), dendrites, axon, and nucleus

    • Connective tissue: Five classes including bones, cartilage, adipose tissue, loose and dense connective tissue, functions as a connector, supporter, and binder

    • Bones: Compact bone has a complex structure with Haversian systems, central canals, osteocytes, and blood vessels

    • Cartilage: Found at bone ends and in trachea, protects bones, acts as a shock absorber, made up of cells called chondroblasts and chondrocytes, and an extracellular matrix

    • Blood: Liquid tissue in the body, consisting of cells and a plasma matrix, transports oxygen, nutrients, and waste products, regulates body temperature, and protects against disease

    • Leukocytes: White blood cells, have nuclei and mitochondria, aid in defense and immunity, can move through tissue and phagocytize foreign agents, classified as granulocytes and agranulocytes based on their granules

    • Granulocytes: Multilobular nucleus (polymorphnuclear), granules stain differently when using specific stains, neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils have distinct characteristics

    • Agranulocytes: Mononuclear cells, monocytes leave the bloodstream to become macrophages, defend the body against viruses and bacteria.

    • Lymphocytes, specifically B cells and T cells, are large nucleated cells with thin cytoplasm and stain dark purple.

    • They are crucial for the immune response, with B cells producing antibodies and T cells acting against virus-infected cells and tumors.

    • Monocytes and platelets are non-nucleated cell fragments that function in blood clotting. Monocytes are larger and have a longer lifespan than platelets.

    • Cell division is the process by which a cell splits into two daughter cells. There are three types: prokaryotic binary fission, eukaryotic mitosis (for growth and repair), and eukaryotic meiosis (for the formation of sex cells).

    • The cell cycle is the sequence of events that a cell undergoes during growth and division. It consists of interphase and mitotic phase. Interphase is further divided into G1, S, and G2 phases.

    • Mitosis is a type of cell division that produces two identical daughter cells. It consists of four stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During mitosis, chromatin condenses into chromosomes, and chromatids are separated at the centromere and pulled to opposite poles.

    • Meiosis is a type of cell division that produces four haploid gametes from one diploid germ cell. It consists of two nuclear divisions: meiosis I and meiosis II. Meiosis I separates homologous chromosomes, resulting in two haploid cells. Meiosis II separates sister chromatids, resulting in four haploid cells.

    • Before meiosis, a cell undergoes interphase, during which it grows and prepares for meiosis. Homologous chromosomes are paired during meiosis I, and crossing over occurs during prophase I.

    • During meiosis I, the chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate and are separated at the centromere during anaphase, resulting in two haploid daughter cells.

    • During meiosis II, the chromatids separate at the centromere, and each chromatid migrates to an opposite pole.

    • After telophase II, the nuclear envelope reforms around each set of chromosomes, and cytokinesis occurs, forming four haploid gametes.

    • Lymphocytes, specifically B cells and T cells, are large nucleated cells with thin cytoplasm and stain dark purple.

    • They are crucial for the immune response, with B cells producing antibodies and T cells acting against virus-infected cells and tumors.

    • Monocytes and platelets are non-nucleated cell fragments that function in blood clotting. Monocytes are larger and have a longer lifespan than platelets.

    • Cell division is the process by which a cell splits into two daughter cells. There are three types: prokaryotic binary fission, eukaryotic mitosis (for growth and repair), and eukaryotic meiosis (for the formation of sex cells).

    • The cell cycle is the sequence of events that a cell undergoes during growth and division. It consists of interphase and mitotic phase. Interphase is further divided into G1, S, and G2 phases.

    • Mitosis is a type of cell division that produces two identical daughter cells. It consists of four stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During mitosis, chromatin condenses into chromosomes, and chromatids are separated at the centromere and pulled to opposite poles.

    • Meiosis is a type of cell division that produces four haploid gametes from one diploid germ cell. It consists of two nuclear divisions: meiosis I and meiosis II. Meiosis I separates homologous chromosomes, resulting in two haploid cells. Meiosis II separates sister chromatids, resulting in four haploid cells.

    • Before meiosis, a cell undergoes interphase, during which it grows and prepares for meiosis. Homologous chromosomes are paired during meiosis I, and crossing over occurs during prophase I.

    • During meiosis I, the chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate and are separated at the centromere during anaphase, resulting in two haploid daughter cells.

    • During meiosis II, the chromatids separate at the centromere, and each chromatid migrates to an opposite pole.

    • After telophase II, the nuclear envelope reforms around each set of chromosomes, and cytokinesis occurs, forming four haploid gametes.

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