Anatomy Quiz: Celiac Trunk and Arteries
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Questions and Answers

What does the celiac artery primarily supply?

  • The foregut of the gastrointestinal tract (correct)
  • The upper limb
  • The lower limb
  • The pelvic organs

Which artery supplies the large intestine from the distal 1/3 of the transverse colon to the anal canal?

  • Celiac artery
  • Inferior mesenteric artery (correct)
  • Hepatic artery
  • Superior mesenteric artery

Which of the following is NOT a branch of the celiac trunk?

  • Splenic artery
  • Hepatic artery
  • Inferior mesenteric artery (correct)
  • Left gastric artery

What is the smallest branch that arises from the celiac trunk?

<p>Left gastric artery (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the external iliac artery enter the thigh?

<p>By passing under the inguinal ligament (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is classified as part of the peripheral vascular system?

<p>Aorta and its branches (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the media layer in blood vessels?

<p>Regulates diameter (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a branch of the common carotid artery?

<p>Anterior spinal artery (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which artery supplies the inferior part of the thyroid gland?

<p>Inferior thyroid artery (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the thyrocervical trunk?

<p>Subclavian artery (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these arteries does NOT supply the head and neck?

<p>Basilar artery (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many main jugular veins are there in the human body?

<p>Three (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the sequence of the segments of the vertebral artery?

<p>Preforaminal, Foraminal, Extradural, Intradural (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What forms the portal vein?

<p>Superior mesenteric vein and splenic vein (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which veins are primarily drained by the inferior mesenteric vein?

<p>Superior rectal veins and left colic veins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which artery supplies the pelvic viscera?

<p>Internal iliac artery (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the terminal branch of the external iliac artery?

<p>Femoral artery (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What supplies the skin and subcutaneous tissue of the mons pubis?

<p>External pudendal artery (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which artery supplies the distal end of the ureter?

<p>Umbilical artery (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the abdominal aorta bifurcate into the common iliac arteries?

<p>At the level of L4 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary blood supply of the pelvis?

<p>Internal iliac artery (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which artery supplies the musculofascial layer of the lower anterior abdominal wall?

<p>Inferior epigastric artery (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What arteries supply the rectum?

<p>Superior rectal and inferior rectal arteries (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vein drains the scalp and face?

<p>External Jugular Vein (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary drainage area for the Internal Jugular Vein?

<p>Oral cavity and neck (A), Brain and skull (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What tributary does the Anterior Jugular Vein receive from?

<p>Laryngeal veins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

To which vein does the External Jugular Vein primarily drain?

<p>Subclavian Vein (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which artery originates from the first part of the subclavian artery?

<p>Internal thoracic artery (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The posterior intercostal arteries of the lower nine spaces are branches of which structure?

<p>Descending thoracic aorta (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary drainage vein for the abdominal organs?

<p>Inferior vena cava (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the dorsalis pedis artery?

<p>Anterior tibial artery (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which branch of the abdominal aorta is responsible for providing vascular supply to the intestines?

<p>Superior mesenteric artery (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following arteries branches from the dorsalis pedis artery?

<p>Lateral tarsal artery (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which system does the Azygos vein primarily drain into?

<p>Superior vena cava (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of venous return is accounted for by the greater saphenous vein?

<p>80-90% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which artery is NOT a direct branch of the abdominal aorta?

<p>Anterior intercostal artery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vein drains into the popliteal vein?

<p>Lesser saphenous vein (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of perforators in the venous system?

<p>Connect superficial veins to deep veins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main artery responsible for supplying the uterus?

<p>Uterine artery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which artery enters the perineum through the lesser sciatic foramen?

<p>Internal pudendal artery (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary blood supply to the lower part of the rectum?

<p>Middle rectal artery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The axillary artery branches off into which of the following arteries?

<p>Thoracoacromial artery (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What artery supplies blood to the biceps brachii and triceps brachii muscles?

<p>Brachial artery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the function of the superficial palmar arch?

<p>Contributes to blood supply in the hand by connecting radial and ulnar arteries (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the inferior vesical artery primarily supply?

<p>Fundus of the bladder (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which artery is responsible for providing arterial supply to the muscles in the pelvic region?

<p>Internal pudendal artery (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The basilic vein primarily drains which part of the arm?

<p>Anteromedial aspect of the forearm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is true about the cephalic vein?

<p>Originates from the radial aspect of the dorsal venous network (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Peripheral Vascular System

All blood vessels outside the heart, including arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins.

Blood Vessel Layers (Intima, Media, Adventitia)

The three layers of a blood vessel, with the intima being the innermost, friction-reducing layer, the media regulating diameter, and the adventitia providing support and shape.

External Carotid Arteries

Major arteries supplying the head and neck, branching off the common carotid.

Internal Carotid Arteries

Branch from the common carotid artery, providing blood to the brain.

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Vertebral Arteries

Arteries supplying blood to the brain, originating from the subclavian arteries.

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Thyrocervical Trunk

Artery branching off the subclavian artery, providing blood to the thyroid gland, neck, and shoulders.

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Jugular Veins

Veins draining blood from the head and neck, including the external, internal, and anterior jugular veins.

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Common Carotid Artery

Major artery supplying blood to the head and neck, branching into internal and external carotid arteries.

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External Iliac Artery

Artery supplying the leg. It passes under the inguinal ligament to become the femoral artery and gives off branches like the inferior epigastric and deep circumflex iliac arteries.

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Internal Iliac Artery

Artery supplying pelvic organs. It travels into the pelvis in front of the sacroiliac joint.

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Celiac Artery

Artery supplying the foregut, including the lower esophagus, stomach, and first part of the duodenum.

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Superior Mesenteric Artery

Artery supplying the midgut, including the rest of the duodenum, small intestine, and part of the colon.

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Inferior Mesenteric Artery

Artery supplying the hindgut, including the rest of the colon and rectum.

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External Jugular Vein

A vein that drains blood from the head and neck, receiving blood from a confluence of the posterior division of the retromandibular vein and the posterior auricular vein.

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Internal Jugular Vein

A major vein draining blood from the brain, skull, oral cavity, and superficial structures of the face and neck. It receives blood from the sigmoid sinus and other tributaries.

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Anterior Jugular Vein

A vein that drains the anterior compartment of the neck, receiving blood from superficial submandibular veins.

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Posterior Intercostal Arteries

These arteries supply blood to the back of the intercostal spaces and are essential for blood flow to the thoracic wall. The upper two are branches from the superior intercostal artery, while the lower nine are branches from the descending thoracic aorta.

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Internal Thoracic Artery

It branches off the subclavian artery and supplies blood to the anterior thoracic wall and the diaphragm. It also gives rise to the anterior intercostal arteries.

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Azygos Veins

They drain blood from the intercostal, lumbar, and esophageal veins and play a crucial role in venous return from the chest and upper abdomen.

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Abdominal Aorta Branches

These arteries are responsible for supplying blood to the organs and structures of the abdomen. They are categorized into visceral, lateral visceral, and lateral abdominal wall branches.

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Hepatic Portal Vein

This vein collects blood from the digestive tract and carries it to the liver for processing and detoxifying.

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Inferior Vena Cava

This large vein collects blood from the lower body and delivers it to the heart. Tributaries include lumbar veins, gonadal veins, renal veins, and hepatic veins.

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Common Iliac Arteries

These arteries are the terminal branches of the abdominal aorta and supply blood to the pelvis and lower limbs.

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Dorsalis Pedis Artery

Artery supplying blood to the top of the foot, originating from the anterior tibial artery.

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Greater Saphenous Vein

Largest vein of the lower limb, running along the inner side of the leg, draining into the femoral vein.

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Lesser Saphenous Vein

Runs along the outer side of the leg, draining into the popliteal vein.

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Deep Veins of the Lower Limb

Veins located within the deep fascia, surrounded by muscles, carrying blood under higher pressure and volume. Account for 80-90% of venous return.

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Perforators

Connecting channels that allow blood to move from superficial veins to deep veins.

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Internal Iliac Artery (IIA)

Major blood supply of the pelvis, originating from the common iliac artery. Branches into anterior and posterior divisions, supplying pelvic organs like the bladder, uterus, and prostate.

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Where does the common iliac artery bifurcate?

The common iliac artery divides into the internal and external iliac arteries at the level of the vertebral disc between L4 and L5.

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What is the purpose of the inferior epigastric artery?

It supplies the musculofascial layer of the lower anterior abdominal wall.

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What is the purpose of the superior mesenteric vein?

It drains blood from the small intestine, part of the colon, and pancreas.

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What is the purpose of the inferior mesenteric vein?

It drains blood from the left colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum.

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What happens to the inferior mesenteric vein?

It joins the splenic vein behind the body of the pancreas.

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What artery supplies the sacrum and coccyx?

The median sacral artery, a single artery, supplies the sacrum and coccyx.

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What artery supplies the rectum?

The superior rectal artery, a single artery, supplies the rectum.

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Obturator Artery

Artery that enters the obturator canal, located on the lateral wall of the pelvis, supplying structures in the pelvic region.

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Uterine Artery

Main artery supplying blood to the uterus, although the uterus also receives blood from the ovarian and internal pudendal arteries.

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Vaginal Artery

Artery supplying the vagina.

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Middle Rectal Artery

Artery supplying the muscular wall of the lower part of the rectum.

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Inferior Vesical Artery

Artery supplying the fundus (bottom part) of the bladder and also providing branches to the distal part of the ureter.

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Internal Pudendal Artery

Artery entering the perineum (the area between the anus and external genitalia) through the lesser sciatic foramen, supplying the muscles and nerves of the pelvic and gluteal region, and serving as the main artery of the perineum.

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Inferior Rectal Artery

Artery branching off the internal pudendal artery within the pudendal canal, supplying blood to the piriformis, iliococcygeus, and ischiococcygeus muscles.

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Axillary Artery

Artery originating from the subclavian artery and branching into six arteries (superior thoracic, thoracoacromial, lateral thoracic, anterior circumflex humeral, posterior circumflex humeral, and subscapular) supplying the axilla, upper limb, and lateral thoracic region.

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Brachial Artery

Artery originating from the axillary artery and branching into several arteries, supplying the biceps brachii, triceps brachii, and coracobrachialis muscles.

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Arterial Arches of the Palm

Two arches formed by the anastomosis (connection) of the radial and ulnar arteries in the hand: the superficial palmar arch and the deep palmar arch.

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Study Notes

Blood Vessels

  • Blood vessels are tubes that carry blood.
  • They are classified into arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins.
  • These vessels transport blood throughout the body, delivering oxygen and nutrients to tissues and removing waste products.

Peripheral Vascular System

  • The peripheral vascular system includes all blood vessels that are outside the heart.
  • It is comprised of:
    • Aorta and its branches
    • Arterioles
    • Capillaries
    • Venules
    • Veins

Structure of Blood Vessels

  • Blood vessels are composed of three layers:
    • Tunica intima: The innermost layer lines the lumen (the central space of the vessel). It is made up of endothelium (smooth cells) and supportive connective tissue. It helps for the smooth and frictionless passage of blood.
    • Tunica media: The middle layer. It is thickest in arteries, containing smooth muscle and elastic fibers. Smooth muscles regulate the diameter of blood vessels, controlling the flow rate as well as blood pressure
    • Tunica externa/adventitia: The outermost layer is composed of connective tissue that anchors the blood vessels to surrounding tissues and provide support.

Types of Blood Vessels

  • Arteries: Thick-walled, more elastic and muscular. They carry oxygenated blood away from the heart. They typically have a thick tunica media compared to veins.

    • Elastic arteries: Largest arteries with more elastic tissue. Example: Aorta, Pulmonary trunk.
    • Muscular arteries: Medium sized arteries with more smooth muscle. Example: Femoral, axillary.

  • Arterioles: Smaller vessels that regulate blood flow into capillaries. They have a thin tunica interna, internal elastic lamina porous and tunica media with 1-2 layers of smooth muscles, and only a thin tunica externa.

  • Capillaries: Microscopic vessels, where actual exchange of substances takes place. They have a very thin wall made of only one layer of endothelium, allowing nutrients, oxygen, and wastes to pass through easily.

  • Venules: Small vessels that receive blood from capillaries. They have a thinner wall than arteries.

  • Veins: Thinner walled, more distensible, and contain valves. They carry deoxygenated blood toward the heart.

Tunica Interna (Intima)

  • Forms the inner lining of a blood vessel.
  • Made up of endothelium cells and basement membrane.
  • These smooth endothelial cells aid in the efficient flow of blood and are involved in chemical mediation and regulation of vasodilation/vasoconstriction in blood vessels

Tunica Media

  • The middle muscular and connective tissue layer of a blood vessel.
  • Varies according to the different blood vessels.
  • Primarily consists of smooth muscle cells and elastic fibers.
  • The smooth muscle regulates the diameter.
  • Vasodilation: Increasing lumen diameter
  • Vasoconstriction: Decreasing lumen diameter (sympathetic stimulation).
  • Plays a key role in regulating blood pressure and limiting blood loss during small arteriole or artery damage.

Tunica Externa (Adventitia)

  • The outermost layer of a blood vessel.
  • Consists of elastic and collagen fibers.
  • Contains numerous nerves.
  • Tiny blood vessels called vasa vasorum present in this layer supplying the blood to tissue of vessels
  • Anchors the blood vessels to surrounding tissues.

Blood Vessels of Head and Neck

  • Several major blood vessels, including internal carotid arteries, external carotid arteries, vertebral arteries, and the thyrocervical trunk, supply the head and neck.
  • Details of the structure, origin, and branches of each artery are needed for more comprehensive study notes on individual vessels

Blood Vessels of the Chest

-The thoracic wall blood vessels, such as internal thoracic arteries, posterior intercostal arteries, anterior intercostal arteries.

Blood Vessels of the Abdomen

  • Blood vessels in the abdomen such as the abdominal aorta branches and the inferior vena cava and its tributaries

Blood Vessels of the Pelvis

  • Four main arteries supply the pelvis:
    • Internal iliac arteries (paired) : supply pelvic viscera, internal genitalia and tubes
    • Gonadal arteries (paired) : supply external genitalia, e.g. ovaries, uterus, testes.
    • Median sacral artery: supplies sacrum and coccyx
    • Superior rectal artery: supplies the rectum

Blood Vessels of the Upper Limb

  • Main arterial supply to upper limb are through five main branches: Subclavian artery, Axillary artery, Brachial artery, Radial artery and Ulnar artery.

Blood Vessels of the Lower Limb

  • The femoral artery and its branches, popliteal artery and tibial artery/fibular artery. supplying the muscles and joints of the thigh knee, and leg

Portal Vein

  • Drains blood from the abdominal part of the gastrointestinal tract from lower third of esophagus to halfway down anal canal.
  • Drains blood from the spleen, pancreas and gallbladder.
  • Formed by the union of superior mesenteric vein and splenic vein behind the neck of pancreas.

Azygos and Hemiazygos Veins

  • Azygos Vein: The main vein of posterior abdominal wall, drains blood from posterior parts of body.
  • Hemiazygos Veins: This second vein is located on the left, draining the posterior parts of the body.

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Test your knowledge on the celiac trunk and its branches in this anatomy quiz. Explore the various arteries that supply different regions of the digestive system and understand their significance. Perfect for students and enthusiasts of human anatomy.

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