Anatomy Quiz: Body Positions and Structures

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Questions and Answers

Which anatomical term describes a position farther away from the surface?

Deep (correct)

Medial

Superficial

The supine position refers to the body lying face down.

False

What is the anatomical position where the body is standing upright with eyes looking forward called?

Erect anatomical position

The _____ plane divides the body into upper and lower parts.

horizontal Signup and view all the answers

Match the following bones with their corresponding location:

Clavicle = Upper limb Humerus = Upper limb Radius = Lower limb Femur = Lower limb Signup and view all the answers

What plane divides the body into right and left halves?

Sagittal plane Signup and view all the answers

The anatomical term 'proximal' indicates a position farther from the trunk.

False Signup and view all the answers

Name one bone found in the upper limb.

Clavicle, Scapula, Humerus, Radius, or Ulna Signup and view all the answers

Which bone forms the socket for the hip joint?

Acetabulum Signup and view all the answers

The femur is the longest bone in the human body.

True Signup and view all the answers

Name the structure that connects the two pubic bones.

Symphysis pubis Signup and view all the answers

The __________ carries deoxygenated blood towards the heart, except for the pulmonary veins.

veins Signup and view all the answers

Match the following parts of the vertebral column with their types:

Cervical = 7 vertebrae Thoracic = 12 vertebrae Lumbar = 5 vertebrae Sacral = 5 fused vertebrae Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the lymphatic system?

Fight infections Signup and view all the answers

The pituitary gland is part of the central nervous system.

False Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the digestive system is responsible for nutrient absorption?

Small intestine Signup and view all the answers

The __________ connects the liver to the spleen and gastrointestinal tract.

Portal vein Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of arteries?

Carries blood away from the heart Signup and view all the answers

The sternum is a part of the rib cage.

True Signup and view all the answers

Identify one function of the respiratory system.

Exchange of gases Signup and view all the answers

The __________ bone forms the base of the skull.

Occipital Signup and view all the answers

Match the organs with their respective systems:

Heart = Cardiovascular system Kidneys = Urinary system Stomach = Digestive system Pituitary gland = Endocrine system Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is primarily responsible for flexing the elbow?

Biceps Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Summary of Practical Anatomy Semester 1

Anatomy is the study of the form and structure of the body. Studies can be macroscopic (naked eye) or microscopic (using a microscope), and can be conducted on both living and deceased bodies.

Anatomical Terms

Superficial: Close to the surface (skin).
Deep: Far from the surface.
Superior: Towards the head.
Inferior: Towards the feet.
Anterior (ventral): Towards the front.
Posterior (dorsal): Towards the back.
Medial: Closer to the midline.
Lateral: Further from the midline.
Middle (median): Exactly in the middle.
Proximal: Closer to the origin or point of attachment.
Distal: Further from the origin or point of attachment.
Internal: Towards the interior of an organ or cavity.
External: Towards the exterior of an organ or cavity.

Terms of Position

Erect anatomical position: Body upright, eyes forward, arms at sides, palms forward, and feet parallel.
Supine position: Body lying on its back.
Prone position: Body lying on its face.

Anatomical Planes and Lines

Coronal plane: Vertical plane dividing the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) parts.
Horizontal plane: Transverse plane dividing the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) parts.
Sagittal plane (median plane): Vertical plane dividing the body into right and left halves.
Paramedian plane: Parallel to the median plane.

Bones of the Upper Limb

Clavicle: Collarbone; has an acromial (lateral) and sternal (medial) end.
Scapula: Shoulder blade; has important features like the glenoid cavity, acromion, coracoid process, supraspinous fossa, and infraspinous fossa,
Humerus: Upper arm bone; has a head, greater tubercle, lesser tubercle, deltoid tuberosity, capitulum, and trochlea.

Bones of the Upper Limb - Continued

Radius and Ulna: Forearm bones; distinct features like the radial and ulnar tuberosities and styloid processes for articulation.

Bones of the Lower Limb

Hip bone: Consists of the ilium, ischium, and pubis.
Ilium: part of the hip bone, has an iliac crest
Ischium: part of the hip bone
Pubis: part of the hip bone
Femur: Thigh bone; has a head, neck, greater trochanter, and lesser trochanter, and condyles.
Tibia and Fibula: Lower leg bones; prominent features are condyles, tibial tuberosity and malleoli for articulation.

Thoracic Cage

Sternum: Breastbone; composed of manubrium, body, and xiphoid process. ribs and costal cartilage attach to the sternum.
Ribs: 12 pairs of bones; divided into true, false, and floating ribs, forming a protective cage around thoracic organs.

Vertebral Column

Sections of the spine: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, and coccyx.
Typical vertebra: features include body, vertebral foramen, lamina, spinous process, transverse processes, and articular processes.
Cervical vertebra:: specific features include the transverse foramen.
Thoracic vertebra: has facets for articulation with ribs

Muscles of the Upper Limb

Trapezius: Back muscle; involved in shoulder movements.
Pectoralis major: Chest muscle; involved in arm movements.
Deltoid: Shoulder muscle; involved in shoulder and arm movements.
Biceps brachii: Arm muscle; involved in elbow and shoulder movements.
Triceps brachii: Arm muscle; involved in elbow movements.

Muscles of the Lower Limb

Gluteus maximus: Buttock muscle; involved in hip extension.
Quadriceps femoris: Thigh muscle group; involved in knee extension.
Sartorius: Thigh muscle; involved in hip and knee flexion.
Gastrocnemius: Calf muscle; involved in plantar flexion.
Soleus: Calf muscle; involved in plantar flexion.
Achilles Tendon: Connects gastrocnemius and soleus muscles to the heel bone.

Muscles of the Head and Neck

Sternomastoid: Neck muscle; involved in head movement.
Temporalis and Masseter: Jaw muscles; involved in chewing.

Digestive System

Mouth, Pharynx, Esophagus, Stomach, Small Intestine (Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum), Large Intestine (Cecum, Ascending Colon, Transverse Colon, Descending Colon, Sigmoid Colon, Rectum), Anus: Pathway for food processing.
Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas: Accessory organs aiding digestion.

Blood Vessels

Arteries: Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.
Veins: Carry deoxygenated blood towards the heart.
Aorta, Pulmonary Trunk: Major arteries in the circulatory system.
Various arteries and veins: supply oxygen and nutrients to organs and body structures (see details of specific vessels, such as those of the lower limb in the notes).

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Brain: Control center of the body; consist of the brain stem, cerebellum, cerebral hemispheres, and specific lobes (frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital) with functional areas such as sensor and motor areas.
Spinal cord: Pathway for nerve signals between the brain and the body.

Respiratory System

Lungs: Primary organs of respiration, consists of upper, lower lobes and fissures which separate the lobes.

Urinary System

Kidneys, Renal pelvis, Ureters, Bladder, Urethra: Pathway for filtering and eliminating waste products.

Male Genital System

Testes, Epididymis, Vas deferens, Seminal vesicles, Prostate gland, Bulbourethral glands, Urethra, Penis, Scrotum: Structures involved in male reproduction.

Female Genital System

Ovaries, Fallopian tubes, Uterus, Vagina, Bladder, Bartholin's glands: Structures involved in female reproduction.

Endocrine System

Pituitary gland (hypophysis), Thyroid gland, Adrenal glands, Pineal gland, Pancreas, Ovaries (female), Testes (male): Glands that produce hormones to regulate bodily functions.

Lymphatic System

Spleen, lymphatic vessels: part of the immune system, responsible for filtering the blood and lymph and producing lymphocytes.

Skull

Frontal bone, Parietal bones, Temporal bone, Occipital bone, Mandible, Maxilla, Nasal bone: These form the skull.
Features: Sutures (coronal, sagittal, lambdoid), foramina (holes for blood vessels, nerves), and other important structures. (The notes contain a list of features)

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Description

Test your knowledge on anatomical terms, body positions, and key structures in human anatomy. This quiz covers various concepts including planes of the body, bone locations, and functions of different systems. Challenge yourself and see how well you understand the anatomy of the human body!