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Anatomy & Physiology II: Urinary System
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Anatomy & Physiology II: Urinary System

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Questions and Answers

What is one of the primary functions of the urinary system?

  • Produce insulin
  • Regulate body temperature
  • Eliminate waste from the body (correct)
  • Assist in digestion

    • The left kidney is positioned lower than the right kidney in the human body.

    False

    What are the four main components of the urinary tract?

    Kidneys, Ureters, Urinary Bladder, Urethra

    The urinary bladder's primary function is to store ______.

    <p>urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following kidney zones with their descriptions:

    <p>Renal Cortex = Outer most zone with granular appearance Renal Medulla = Darker zone consisting of medullary and renal pyramids Renal Pelvis = Funnel-shaped structure that collects urine from the medulla</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which electrolyte is NOT regulated by the kidneys?

    <p>Iron (Fe)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The kidneys are responsible for the production of hormones.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mass of an adult kidney approximately?

    <p>150 grams</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of nephrons?

    <p>To filter waste products from the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cortical nephrons are located near the renal medulla.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure surrounds the glomerulus?

    <p>Bowman's capsule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The renal tubule extends from the glomerular capsule and includes the ______ duct, which receives urine from many nephrons.

    <p>collecting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the nephron is primarily involved in reabsorption of nutrients?

    <p>Proximal convoluted tubule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the parts of the nephron with their functions:

    <p>Glomerulus = Filters blood Bowman's capsule = Collects filtrate Collecting duct = Receives urine from multiple nephrons Proximal convoluted tubule = Reabsorbs nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Blood pressure in the glomerulus aids in filtering out water and solutes.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Each kidney contains over a million tiny structures called ______.

    <p>nephrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What fluid flows from the glomerular capsule further into the nephron?

    <p>Filtrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The glomerulus exclusively filters out waste from the bloodstream while leaving nutrients intact.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process combines secreted ions with the remaining filtrate to form urine?

    <p>Secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ureters are long, thin tubes made of _____ muscle.

    <p>smooth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components of the urinary system with their functions:

    <p>Glomerulus = Filters blood Urinary Bladder = Stores urine Renal Tubule = Reabsorbs nutrients Ureters = Transports urine to the bladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the renal tubule?

    <p>To reabsorb nutrients and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the detrusor muscle in the urinary bladder?

    <p>To contract for urination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The female urethra is significantly longer than the male urethra.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The walls of the urinary bladder do not have folds and are entirely smooth.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three named regions of the male urethra?

    <p>prostatic, membranous, and spongy (penile)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long are the ureters in adults?

    <p>25-30 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The internal urethral sphincter is an __________ sphincter that helps keep the urethra closed.

    <p>involuntary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following urethra characteristics with their descriptions:

    <p>Female Urethra = Approximately 3 to 4 cm long Male Urethra = Approximately 20 cm long, with three regions Internal Urethral Sphincter = Involuntary muscle that keeps the urethra closed External Urethral Sphincter = Voluntary muscle located in the pelvic floor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structures filter unwanted substances from the blood to produce urine?

    <p>Kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The efferent arteriole is wider than the afferent arteriole.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of podocytes in the glomerular filtration process?

    <p>They are specialized cells in the visceral layer of the Bowman’s capsule that play a role in filtration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The three main steps of urine formation are __________, reabsorption, and secretion.

    <p>glomerular filtration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the components of the renal tubule with their specific functions:

    <p>Proximal convoluted tubule = Reabsorption of nutrients Loop of Henle = Concentration of urine Distal convoluted tubule = Regulation of potassium and sodium Collecting duct = Final adjustments to urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of epithelium is found in the parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule?

    <p>Simple squamous epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The filtration membrane allows blood cells and large proteins to pass through.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the vasa recta?

    <p>They are collecting capillaries that help in the exchange of substances with the renal tubules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Urinary System Overview

    • Also known as renal system or urinary tract, responsible for urine production, transport, and storage.
    • Composed of organs, muscles, tubes, and nerves.

    Functions of the Urinary System

    • Eliminates waste from the body.
    • Regulates blood volume and pressure.
    • Controls levels of electrolytes and metabolites.
    • Maintains blood pH.

    Anatomy of the Urinary Tract

    • Kidneys: Form urine.
    • Ureters: Transport urine from kidneys to bladder.
    • Urinary Bladder: Stores urine.
    • Urethra: Carries urine outside the body.

    Kidneys

    • Bean-shaped organs located in the retroperitoneal space in the superior lumbar region.
    • Right kidney is positioned slightly lower than the left.
    • Average mass of an adult kidney is 150 grams, dimensions approximately 12 cm long, 6 cm wide, and 3 cm thick.

    Functions of the Kidneys

    • Regulate concentrations of various ions (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cl-).
    • Maintain blood pH, volume, pressure, and osmolarity.
    • Produce hormones and regulate blood glucose levels.
    • Excrete waste and foreign substances.

    Structure of the Kidney

    • Renal Cortex: Outermost zone, light color with granular appearance.
    • Renal Medulla: Darker zone containing medullary and renal pyramids.
    • Renal Pelvis: Funnel-shaped tube joining the ureter at the hilum.

    Nephrons

    • Basic structural and functional unit of kidneys, responsible for urine formation.
    • Filter waste, reabsorb nutrients, and regulate water and sodium salt concentration.
    • Types include:
      • Cortical Nephrons: Located near the renal cortex.
      • Juxtamedullary Nephrons: Located near the renal medulla.

    Nephron Structure

    • Each kidney contains over a million nephrons.
    • Glomerulus: Knot of capillaries functioning as a filtration unit.
    • Renal Tubule: Consists of proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, and collecting duct.
    • Bowman's Capsule: Cup-shaped structure enclosing glomerulus, composed of visceral (podocytes) and parietal layers (simple squamous epithelium).

    Urine Formation Processes

    • Involves three steps:
      • Glomerular Filtration: Filters water and solutes from the blood into the Bowman’s capsule.
      • Reabsorption: Nutrients and water are reabsorbed back into blood from renal tubule.
      • Secretion: Waste and excess ions are secreted into the renal tubule to form urine.

    Ureters

    • Long, thin tubes (25–30 cm) draining urine from renal pelvis to bladder using smooth muscle contractions.

    Urinary Bladder

    • Located in women in front of the vagina and below the uterus; in men, in front of the rectum and above the prostate.
    • Contains rugae (folds) that smooth out when bladder fills, with a detrusor muscle facilitating urine storage and expulsion.
    • An adult bladder can hold approximately half a liter.

    Urethra

    • Thin-walled tube carrying urine from bladder to the outside.
    • Internal Urethral Sphincter: Involuntary muscle that keeps the urethra closed.
    • External Urethral Sphincter: Voluntary muscle controlling urination.

    Urethra Lengths

    • Female Urethra: Approximately 3 to 4 cm (1.5 inches), extends from bladder neck to external orifice.
    • Male Urethra: Approximately 20 cm (8 inches) long, with three regions: prostatic, membranous, and spongy (penile), terminating at the tip of the penis.

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    Description

    Explore the intricacies of the urinary system in this quiz. Discover its functions, including waste elimination, blood volume and pressure regulation, and more. Test your knowledge of this essential bodily system.

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