11.1 Urinary system
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11.1 Urinary system

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Questions and Answers

What structure is responsible for collecting urine from the renal pyramids?

  • Renal capsule
  • Ureter
  • Renal pelvis
  • Minor calyx (correct)

    • The kidneys receive less than 20% of the total cardiac output.

    False

    What is the primary function of the renal artery?

    To supply blood to the kidneys.

    The ______ is the tip of the renal pyramid where urine is released into the minor calyx.

    <p>renal papilla</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following kidney structures with their descriptions:

    <p>Renal cortex = Outer region of the kidney Medulla = Inner region containing renal pyramids Renal pelvis = Collects urine from the major calyx Ureter = Carries urine to the bladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the kidney passes through the renal hilum?

    <p>Renal pelvis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fat in the renal sinuses serves no significant purpose.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is approximately the amount of blood that flows through the kidneys each minute?

    <p>About 1.2 L.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the urinary system?

    <p>To produce and eliminate urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The urinary bladder is responsible for the production of urine.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name the three main components of the urinary system.

    <p>Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _______ is the structure that transports urine from the kidneys to the bladder.

    <p>ureter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the nephrons in the kidneys?

    <p>Filtration and urine formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the parts of the urinary system with their descriptions:

    <p>Kidneys = Produce urine Ureters = Transport urine to the bladder Bladder = Stores urine Urethra = Discharges urine from the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The urethra is part of the urine collecting system.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The kidney's main functions include regulation of homeostasis and _______ elimination.

    <p>waste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of nephron is primarily responsible for concentrating urine?

    <p>Juxtamedullary nephron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The glomerulus is part of the renal tubule.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure surrounds the glomerulus?

    <p>Glomerular (Bowman's) capsule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary site for reabsorption of water and nutrients in the nephron is the ________.

    <p>Proximal convoluted tubule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the nephron segments with their primary functions:

    <p>Proximal Convoluted Tubule = Reabsorption of water, ions, and nutrients Nephron Loop = Reabsorption of water and salts Distal Convoluted Tubule = Secretion of ions and variable reabsorption Collecting Duct = Variable reabsorption of water and sodium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells are podocytes?

    <p>Large cells wrapping around capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Filtration occurs across the filtration membrane inside the nephron loop.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the movement of water and solutes during filtration?

    <p>Blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ________ limb of the nephron loop is primarily responsible for the reabsorption of water.

    <p>Descending thin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the components of the nephron with their descriptions:

    <p>Renal Corpuscle = Spherical structure consisting of glomerulus and Bowman's capsule Proximal Convoluted Tubule = First segment of the renal tubule for reabsorption Distal Convoluted Tubule = Last segment of the renal tubule influencing urine composition Collecting Duct = Channel for urine towards the renal pelvis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure absorbs sodium and chloride ions primarily?

    <p>Nephron loop</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The renal papilla is the point where urine enters a minor calyx.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name the two types of nephrons present in the kidneys.

    <p>Cortical nephron and Juxtamedullary nephron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ________ is responsible for the production of filtrate.

    <p>Glomerulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the nephron is primarily responsible for water reabsorption?

    <p>Collecting Duct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The female urethra is longer than the male urethra.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What substance is primarily secreted in the Distal Convoluted Tubule?

    <p>H+ ions, creatinine, drugs, toxins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the nephron loop, _____ ions are reabsorbed in the thick ascending limb.

    <p>Na+ and Cl-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following urinary organs with their functions:

    <p>Minor calyx = Collects urine from the renal pyramids Ureter = Transports urine to the bladder Urinary bladder = Stores urine Urethra = Excretes urine from the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following substances is reabsorbed in the Proximal Convoluted Tubule?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Both Na+ and Cl- ions are reabsorbed in the Proximal Convoluted Tubule.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What shape is the urinary bladder described as?

    <p>Pyramidal-shaped</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The urinary bladder has strong muscular _____ for its walls.

    <p>walls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tissues make the female urethra more distensible than the male urethra?

    <p>Smooth muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Kidney Structure

    • The kidneys are located at the back of the abdominal cavity
    • The renal capsule is the outer layer of the kidney
    • The renal cortex is the outer region of the kidney
    • The renal medulla is the inner region of the kidney, consisting of renal pyramids
    • The renal sinuses are spaces in the kidney that contain fat and the renal pelvis
    • The renal pelvis is a funnel-shaped structure that collects urine from the kidney

    Renal Collecting System

    • The renal papilla is the tip of the renal pyramid
    • Urine flows from the renal papilla into the minor calyces
    • Minor calyces merge to form major calyces
    • Major calyces join to form the renal pelvis
    • The renal pelvis exits the kidney through the renal hilum and connects to the ureter

    Arterial Supply to the Kidneys

    • The renal artery supplies blood to the kidneys
    • The kidneys receive 20-25% of the total cardiac output
    • The kidneys filter about 1.2 liters of blood per minute

    Overview of the Urinary System

    • The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra
    • The kidneys are responsible for producing urine and regulating blood volume and solute concentration
    • The ureters transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder
    • The bladder stores urine
    • The urethra transports urine from the bladder to the outside of the body

    Kidneys (in Situ, Anterior View)

    • The kidneys are bean-shaped organs located on either side of the vertebral column
    • The kidneys are responsible for producing urine and regulating homeostasis

    Location of the Kidneys

    • The kidneys are located in the retroperitoneal space, posterior to the parietal peritoneum
    • The kidneys are located on either side of the vertebral column, between the 12th thoracic vertebra and the 3rd lumbar vertebra

    Nephron

    • The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney
    • There are two types of nephrons: cortical nephrons and juxtamedullary nephrons
    • Cortical nephrons have short loops of Henle that extend only slightly into the medulla
    • Juxtamedullary nephrons have long loops of Henle that extend deep into the medulla

    Nephron Anatomy

    • Each nephron consists of a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule
    • The renal corpuscle is a spherical structure that contains the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule
    • The glomerulus is a network of capillaries
    • The Bowman's capsule is a double-walled structure that surrounds the glomerulus
    • The renal tubule is a long, convoluted tube that originates from the Bowman's capsule
    • The renal tubule consists of the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), the nephron loop (loop of Henle), and the distal convoluted tubule (DCT)

    Glomerular Filtration

    • Glomerular filtration occurs in the renal corpuscle
    • The filtration membrane is composed of the glomerular capillary endothelium, the basement membrane, and the podocyte foot processes
    • Filtration is driven by blood pressure
    • The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is the amount of filtrate produced per minute

    Overview of Urine Formation

    • Filtration occurs in the renal corpuscle and produces filtrate
    • Reabsorption occurs in the renal tubules and returns water, ions, and nutrients to the blood
    • Secretion occurs in the renal tubules and removes waste products from the blood
    • Urine is composed of water, urea, creatinine, and other waste products

    Ureters

    • The ureters are muscular tubes that transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder

    Urinary Bladder

    • The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular organ that stores urine
    • The urinary bladder is located in the pelvic cavity
    • The bladder is lined by transitional epithelium, which is able to stretch

    Female Urethra

    • The female urethra is short, about 4 cm long
    • The female urethra is located anterior to the vagina and posterior to the clitoris
    • The female urethra is distensible, which means it can stretch to hold more urine

    Male Urethra

    • The male urethra is longer than the female urethra, about 20 cm long
    • The male urethra passes through the prostate gland, the membranous urethra, and the penile urethra
    • The male urethra is responsible for both urine and semen

    Warning

    • The material in this communication may be subject to copyright. Any further reproduction or communication of this material may be the subject of copyright protection under the Act.

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