Anatomy & Physiology Chapters 1 & 2 Quiz

<p>Cardiovascular System (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To detect changes in the internal environment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regulation of body temperature (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They amplify an initial stimulus, driving the body towards a specific endpoint. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Feet pointing outwards (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transverse Plane (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Distal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thoracic Cavity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pericardium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The front side of the body (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Midsagittal Plane (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parietal Layer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anatomy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proximal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The upper and lower limbs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To reduce friction between moving organs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Arms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To cover the heart's external surface (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Medial (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Receptor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Childbirth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Midsagittal Plane (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Coronal Cavity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pleura (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>O₂ (oxygen gas) (A), NaOH (sodium hydroxide) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are highly reactive. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Covalent Bond (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Positive charge (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>pH &gt; 7 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High viscosity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monosaccharides (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nucleic Acids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Octet Rule (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They maintain stable pH levels. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phosphodiester bonds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbon (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They have 1 valence electron. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Catalyze biochemical reactions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>8 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrolysis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Electrons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are not polymers. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amphipathic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A base (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A base; pH will increase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Solution (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>C₆H₁₂O₆ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They readily lose one valence electron. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Are a major component of cell membranes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neutralizes the solution. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a simple sugar. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The study of structure and relationships between body parts.

The study of function of body structures and how they work together.

The shape and organization of a body part determine how it works.

Hierarchy from cells to organ systems: chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organismal.

Opposes a change, restoring balance (e.g., body temperature regulation).

Amplifies a change, pushing the body to completion (e.g., childbirth).

The body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes.

Includes receptor, control center, and effector, which help maintain balance.

Protons (+), Neutrons (neutral), Electrons (-) make up atoms.

Four key elements: Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), Nitrogen (N).

Group 1 (alkali metals) have 1 valence electron and are highly reactive.

Group 18 (noble gases) have 8 valence electrons and are stable (except Helium has 2).

Atoms gain, lose, or share electrons to achieve 8 in their outer shell.

Ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons between atoms, forming charged ions.

Covalent bonds involve sharing electrons between atoms.

Non-polar: equal sharing (e.g., O₂). Polar: unequal sharing (e.g., H₂O).

Weak bonds between polar molecules, like those in water and DNA.

Cations are positively charged ions (lost electrons), anions are negatively charged (gained electrons).

pH measures hydrogen ion concentration: acidic (<7), neutral (=7), basic (>7).

Bases can neutralize acids, increasing pH in solution (e.g., bicarbonate for stomach acid).

Water exists in three phases: solid (ice), liquid (water), and gas (vapor).

Water acts as a solvent, transports substances, and helps regulate body temperature.

Key macromolecules: Carbohydrates (energy), Lipids (membranes), Proteins (functions), Nucleic Acids (genetics).

Transverse divides top/bottom, Coronal divides front/back, Midsagittal divides left/right.

Dorsal cavity for brain/spinal cord; Ventral cavity for thoracic/abdominopelvic organs.

Divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) sections.

Divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) sections.

Divides the body into equal left and right halves.

A directional term meaning 'above'.

A directional term meaning 'below'.

Refers to the front side of the body.

Refers to the back side of the body.

Includes the head, neck, and trunk of the body.

Includes upper and lower limbs (arms and legs).

Contains the cranial cavity (brain) and vertebral cavity (spinal cord).

Includes the thoracic cavity (lungs, heart) and abdominopelvic cavity (digestive organs).

Thin membranes covering organs and cavities, reducing friction.

Covers the organ in a serous membrane.

The serous membrane surrounding the heart.

Contains organs like the stomach, spleen, and pancreas.

The foundational element of all organic compounds.

Elements in the furthest left column have 1 valence electron.

Elements in the furthest right column with a full valence shell (8 electrons).

Major components of cell membranes, specifically phospholipids.

Molecules with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic ends.

A base is needed to neutralize an acidic solution.

Using a base increases pH in the small intestine for digestion.

A homogeneous mixture where the solute is completely dissolved in the solvent.

Molecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, and often other elements.

Substances that are attracted to water.

Substances that repel water.

Types of molecules essential for life including proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids.