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Questions and Answers
Which of the following arteries supplies the esophagus?
What is the location of the thoracic aorta relative to the vertebral column?
Which artery supplies the inferior part of the diaphragm?
What is the level of the vertebral column where the celiac trunk arises?
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Which of the following arteries supplies the kidneys?
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What is the name of the artery that supplies the gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, and gluteus minimus?
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Which of the following arteries is NOT a branch of the common iliac artery?
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What is the name of the artery that supplies the external genitalia and perineum?
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Which of the following structures lies near the thoracic aorta?
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What is the name of the artery that supplies the intercostal muscles?
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Which artery supplies the fundus of the stomach?
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What is the function of the right hepatic artery?
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Which artery is a branch of the gastro-duodenal artery?
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What is a symptom of Marfan syndrome?
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What is affected by Marfan syndrome?
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Which artery supplies the jejunum and ileum of the small intestine?
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What is the name of the artery that supplies the rectum?
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What is a complication of Marfan syndrome?
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Which of the following is NOT a branch of the common hepatic artery?
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What is the name of the mutation that causes Marfan syndrome?
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Study Notes
Thoracic Aorta
- The thoracic aorta is a part of the descending aorta that lies above the diaphragm.
- It gives rise to several branches, including:
- Posterior intercostal arteries (supply the intercostal muscles)
- Superior phrenic artery (supplies the diaphragm)
- Bronchial arteries (supply the bronchi)
- Esophageal artery (supplies the esophagus)
- Mediastinal artery (supplies the mediastinum and its structures)
- Pericardial artery (supplies the pericardium)
Structures Near the Thoracic Aorta
- The thoracic aorta lies posterior to the vertebral column and is closely related to the left pleura and the hemiazygos vein.
- It is also near the thoracic duct and the esophagus.
Abdominal Aorta
- The abdominal aorta is the part of the aorta that lies below the diaphragm.
- It gives rise to several branches, including:
- Inferior phrenic artery (supplies the inferior part of the diaphragm)
- Adrenal arteries (supply the adrenal glands)
- Renal arteries (supply the kidneys)
- Gonadal arteries (supply the gonads)
- Lumbar arteries (supply the lumbar region)
- Common iliac arteries (divide into external and internal iliac arteries)
Branches of the Common Iliac Artery
- The common iliac artery divides into:
- External iliac artery (will be discussed in another video)
- Internal iliac artery (gives rise to several branches, including:
- Superior gluteal artery (supplies the gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, and gluteus minimus)
- Inferior gluteal artery (supplies the gluteus maximus, piriformis, and quadratus femoris)
- Internal pudendal artery (supplies the external genitalia and perineum)
- Obturator artery (supplies the medial compartment of the thigh)
Celiac Trunk
- The celiac trunk is a branch of the abdominal aorta that arises at the level of the 12th thoracic vertebra.
- It gives rise to three branches, including:
- Left gastric artery (supplies the stomach)
- Splenic artery (supplies the spleen and gives rise to the left gastroepiploic artery)
- Common hepatic artery (gives rise to the hepatic artery proper and the gastroduodenal artery)
Branches of the Common Hepatic Artery
- The common hepatic artery gives rise to:
- Hepatic artery proper (supplies the liver and gives rise to the right and left hepatic arteries)
- Right hepatic artery (supplies the right lobe of the liver)
- Left hepatic artery (supplies the left lobe of the liver)
- Gastroduodenal artery (supplies the duodenum and the stomach)### Branches of the Abdominal Aorta
- The left gastric artery supplies the fundus of the stomach.
- The right gastric artery supplies the pylorus of the stomach.
- The gastro-duodenal artery supplies the pylorus of the stomach and the first part of the small intestine (duodenum).
- The right gastro-epiploic artery is a branch of the gastro-duodenal artery that supplies the lesser omentum.
- The superior pancreatico-duodenal artery is a branch of the gastro-duodenal artery that supplies the pancreas and the duodenum.
Branches of the Superior Mesenteric Artery
- The intestinal arteries supply the jejunum and ileum of the small intestine.
- The ileal branch supplies the ileum, caecum, and appendix.
- The right colic artery supplies the ascending colon.
- The middle colic artery supplies the transverse colon.
Branches of the Inferior Mesenteric Artery
- The left colic artery supplies the descending colon.
- The sigmoid artery supplies the sigmoid colon.
- The superior rectal artery supplies the rectum and gives rise to the mid and inferior rectal arteries.
Marfan Syndrome
- Marfan syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by a mutation in the fibrillin gene.
- The disorder affects the elasticity of blood vessels, leading to decreased elasticity and increased risk of aortic dissection and rupture.
- Marfan syndrome also affects the heart valves, leading to mitral valve prolapse and regurgitation.
- Other symptoms include:
- Long, slender fingers
- Hyper-reflexivity
- Hyper-flexibility of joints
- Lens dislocation (subluxation)
- Dural ectasia (dilation of the dural sac around the lumbar and sacral spine)
- Scoliosis
- Pectus excavatum (caved-in chest)
- Spontaneous pneumothorax (rarely)
Thoracic Aorta
- Located above the diaphragm, giving rise to several branches:
- Posterior intercostal arteries (supply intercostal muscles)
- Superior phrenic artery (supplies diaphragm)
- Bronchial arteries (supply bronchi)
- Esophageal artery (supplies esophagus)
- Mediastinal artery (supplies mediastinum and its structures)
- Pericardial artery (supplies pericardium)
Structures Near the Thoracic Aorta
- Lies posterior to the vertebral column, closely related to:
- Left pleura
- Hemiazygos vein
- Thoracic duct
- Esophagus
Abdominal Aorta
- Located below the diaphragm, giving rise to several branches:
- Inferior phrenic artery (supplies inferior part of diaphragm)
- Adrenal arteries (supply adrenal glands)
- Renal arteries (supply kidneys)
- Gonadal arteries (supply gonads)
- Lumbar arteries (supply lumbar region)
- Common iliac arteries (divide into external and internal iliac arteries)
Branches of the Common Iliac Artery
- Divides into:
- External iliac artery
- Internal iliac artery, which gives rise to:
- Superior gluteal artery (supplies gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, and gluteus minimus)
- Inferior gluteal artery (supplies gluteus maximus, piriformis, and quadratus femoris)
- Internal pudendal artery (supplies external genitalia and perineum)
- Obturator artery (supplies medial compartment of the thigh)
Celiac Trunk
- Arises at the level of the 12th thoracic vertebra, giving rise to:
- Left gastric artery (supplies stomach)
- Splenic artery (supplies spleen and gives rise to left gastroepiploic artery)
- Common hepatic artery (gives rise to hepatic artery proper and gastroduodenal artery)
Branches of the Common Hepatic Artery
- Gives rise to:
- Hepatic artery proper (supplies liver and gives rise to right and left hepatic arteries)
- Right hepatic artery (supplies right lobe of liver)
- Left hepatic artery (supplies left lobe of liver)
- Gastroduodenal artery (supplies duodenum and stomach)
Branches of the Abdominal Aorta
- Left gastric artery supplies the fundus of the stomach.
- Right gastric artery supplies the pylorus of the stomach.
- Gastro-duodenal artery supplies the pylorus of the stomach and the first part of the small intestine (duodenum).
Branches of the Superior Mesenteric Artery
- Intestinal arteries supply the jejunum and ileum of the small intestine.
- Ileal branch supplies the ileum, caecum, and appendix.
- Right colic artery supplies the ascending colon.
- Middle colic artery supplies the transverse colon.
Branches of the Inferior Mesenteric Artery
- Left colic artery supplies the descending colon.
- Sigmoid artery supplies the sigmoid colon.
- Superior rectal artery supplies the rectum and gives rise to the mid and inferior rectal arteries.
Marfan Syndrome
- Autosomal dominant disorder caused by a mutation in the fibrillin gene.
- Affects the elasticity of blood vessels, leading to:
- Decreased elasticity
- Increased risk of aortic dissection and rupture
- Affects the heart valves, leading to:
- Mitral valve prolapse
- Regurgitation
- Other symptoms include:
- Long, slender fingers
- Hyper-reflexivity
- Hyper-flexibility of joints
- Lens dislocation (subluxation)
- Dural ectasia (dilation of the dural sac around the lumbar and sacral spine)
- Scoliosis
- Pectus excavatum (caved-in chest)
- Spontaneous pneumothorax (rarely)
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Description
Learn about the thoracic aorta, a part of the descending aorta that lies above the diaphragm, and its branches. Explore the functions and structures surrounding the thoracic aorta.
