Questions and Answers
What is the name of the layer that binds the skin tightly to the aponeurosis?
Which of the following is NOT a function of the subaponeurotic space?
What is the posterior extent of the scalp?
What is the clinical importance of the subaponeurotic space?
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How many bellies does the occipitofrontalis muscle have?
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What is the name of the layer that contains loose areolar tissue?
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Which artery supplies the scalp just behind the ear?
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What is the lateral extent of the scalp?
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Which vein drains into the suboccipital venous plexus?
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What is the name of the vein that unites with the maxillary vein to form the retromandibular vein?
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What is the function of the epicranial aponeurosis?
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Which vein is formed by the union of the supraorbital vein and Supratrochlear veins?
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Which artery arises from the ophthalmic artery?
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What is the name of the vein that communicates the superficial veins of the scalp with the dural venous sinuses?
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Which vein may drain directly into the internal jugular vein?
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Which of the following veins drains into the external jugular vein?
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Which blood vessel arises from the internal carotid artery and supplies the anterior part of the scalp?
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Which branch of the facial nerve supplies the frontal bellies of the occipitofrontal muscle?
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What is the function of the frontal bellies of the occipitofrontal muscle?
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Where do the occipital bellies of the occipitofrontal muscle originate from?
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Which artery is a terminal branch of the external carotid artery and supplies the temporal fossa?
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What is the function of the epicranial aponeurosis?
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Which nerve branch supplies the occipital bellies of the occipitofrontal muscle?
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Where does the superficial temporal artery cross before entering the temporal fossa?
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Study Notes
Anatomy of the Scalp
- The scalp is the soft tissue covering the vault of the skull.
- Extent: anteriorly to the eyebrows, posteriorly to the superior nuchal line and the external occipital protuberance, and laterally to the superior temporal lines.
Layers of the Scalp
- Skin: has hairs and numerous sebaceous glands.
- Superficial fascia: dense connective tissue that binds the skin tightly to the aponeurosis, contains blood vessels and nerves of the scalp.
- Epicranial aponeurosis
- Subaponeurotic space: loose areolar tissue that allows movement of the first 3 layers of the scalp over the skull, contains a few small arteries and emissary veins.
- Pericranium (periosteum)
Subaponeurotic Space
- Extends beneath the orbicularis oculi into the eyelids anteriorly.
- Extends to the superior nuchal line posteriorly.
- Extends to the temporal fascia laterally.
- Clinical importance: bleeding in this space can cause a black eye.
Occipitofrontalis Muscle
- The only muscle of the scalp, consisting of 2 frontal bellies and 2 occipital bellies.
- The frontal bellies are connected at the median plane.
- Supplies the side of the scalp.
- Nerve supply: facial nerve (temporal branch for frontal bellies, posterior auricular branch for occipital bellies).
- Action: moves the scalp forward and backward, elevates the eyebrows, and causes transverse wrinkles of the forehead.
Arterial Supply of the Scalp
- In front of the auricle: supratrochlear, supraorbital, and superficial temporal arteries.
- Behind the auricle: posterior auricular and occipital arteries.
Venous Drainage of the Scalp
- Superficial veins: supraorbital, supratrochlear, superficial temporal, posterior auricular, and occipital veins.
- Deep veins (emissary veins): in the subaponeurotic space, communicating superficial veins with dural venous sinuses.
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Description
Learn about the anatomy of the scalp, including its definition, extent, layers, muscle structure, and blood supply. This lecture covers key concepts and objectives for students of anatomy and embryology.
