Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which muscle inserts into the aponeurosis anteriorly?
Which muscle inserts into the aponeurosis anteriorly?
- Temporalis
- Frontalis (correct)
- Zygomaticus
- Occipitalis
What is the attachment point of the aponeurosis posteriorly?
What is the attachment point of the aponeurosis posteriorly?
- External occipital protuberance
- Highest nuchal lines
- Superior temporal lines
- All of the above (correct)
What is the name of the first three layers of the scalp?
What is the name of the first three layers of the scalp?
- Surgical layers of the scalp (correct)
- Scalp proper layers
- Loose areolar tissue layers
- Pericranial layers
What is the function of the fourth layer of the scalp?
What is the function of the fourth layer of the scalp?
Where does the fourth layer of the scalp extend to?
Where does the fourth layer of the scalp extend to?
What is the characteristic of the attachment of the pericranium to the bones?
What is the characteristic of the attachment of the pericranium to the bones?
What is the name of the deep fascia that covers the cranial vault?
What is the name of the deep fascia that covers the cranial vault?
What is the function of the occipitofrontalis muscle?
What is the function of the occipitofrontalis muscle?
What is the origin of the frontal bellies of the occipitofrontalis muscle?
What is the origin of the frontal bellies of the occipitofrontalis muscle?
What is the nerve supply to the occipital bellies of the occipitofrontalis muscle?
What is the nerve supply to the occipital bellies of the occipitofrontalis muscle?
What is the structure that the skin is adherent to through the dense superficial fascia?
What is the structure that the skin is adherent to through the dense superficial fascia?
What is the characteristic of the subcutaneous or superficial fascia in the centre of the head?
What is the characteristic of the subcutaneous or superficial fascia in the centre of the head?
What is the boundary of the scalp anteriorly?
What is the boundary of the scalp anteriorly?
What is the characteristic of the skin of the scalp?
What is the characteristic of the skin of the scalp?
Study Notes
The Scalp
- The soft tissues covering the cranial vault form the scalp
- The scalp has anterior, posterior, and lateral boundaries:
- Anteriorly: supraorbital margins
- Posteriorly: external occipital protuberance and superior nuchal lines
- Laterally: superior temporal lines
Structure of the Scalp
- The scalp consists of five layers:
- First three layers: surgical layers of the scalp, also known as scalp proper
- Fourth layer: loose areolar tissue
- Fifth layer: pericranium
Epicranial Aponeurosis (Galea Aponeurotica)
- A deep fascia that covers the scalp
- Attached to the occipitofrontalis muscle
- Freely movable on the pericranium along with the overlying skin and fascia
Occipitofrontalis Muscle
- Has two bellies: occipital (occipitalis) and frontal (frontalis)
- Both bellies inserted into the epicranial aponeurosis
- Occipital bellies: small, separate, and supplied by the posterior auricular branch of the facial nerve
- Frontal bellies: longer, wider, and partly united in the median plane, supplied by the temporal branch of the facial nerve
- Functions: raises the eyebrows and causes horizontal wrinkles in the skin of the forehead
Layers of the Scalp
- Fourth layer (loose areolar tissue): extends into the eyelids, posteriorly to the highest and superior nuchal lines, and on each side to the superior temporal lines
- Allows passage to emissary veins, which connect extracranial veins to intracranial venous sinuses
- Fifth layer (pericranium): loosely attached to the surface of the bones, but firmly adherent to their sutures where the sutural ligaments bind the pericranium to the endocranium
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Description
This quiz covers the structure and boundaries of the scalp and superficial temporal region, including the deep fascia and epicranial aponeurosis.
