Human Body Parts - Face and Scalp Functions

Legs

• Located below the torso and above the foot, the thigh helps keep the body stable and allows for walking, running, and bending.
• The shin, between the knee and ankle, flexes the foot and stabilizes the ankle joint.
• The ankle joint, between the foot and shin, rotates the foot and connects it to the leg.
• The foot, at the bottom of the leg, provides balance while walking and distributes body weight.
• The toe, at the end of the foot, helps with balance and distributes body weight.
• The heel, at the back of the foot, provides balance while walking and distributes body weight.

Torso

• The chest, at the top of the torso, helps stabilize the body and protect internal organs.
• The abdomen, in the middle of the torso, helps stabilize the body and protects internal organs.
• The belly, in the middle of the abdomen, connects a baby's umbilical cord to its mother's placenta before birth.
• The back, at the back of the torso, helps stabilize the body and protects vertebrae.
• The buttocks, at the back of the torso, cushion the body when sitting and assist in hip and thigh movement.
• The waist, in the middle of the torso, helps stabilize the body and allows the upper body to bend to the lower half.

Nervous System

• The brain, which processes sensory signals and sends messages to the rest of the body, regulates automatic body functions.
• The spinal cord, part of the central nervous system, sends and receives messages along nerves to various organs and muscles.

Digestive System

• The esophagus, in the neck, carries chewed food from the mouth to the stomach.
• The stomach, in the upper left side of the abdomen, mixes food with stomach enzymes and holds food before it goes into the small intestine.
• The small intestine, in the middle of the abdomen, digests food and absorbs nutrients.
• The liver, in the upper abdomen, filters blood from the digestive tract and produces bile to take away waste.
• The pancreas, in the middle of the abdomen, creates enzymes to break down food and creates hormones that carry messages through the body.
• The gallbladder, in the right side of the abdomen, stores liver bile during digestion.
• The large intestine, in the lower abdomen, absorbs water and vitamins for the body.
• The rectum, at the end of the large intestine, stores waste until it is eliminated through the anus.
• The anus, at the end of the rectum, pushes waste out of the body.

Urinary System

• The urinary system balances the body by eliminating waste through urine.
• The brain sends a signal to a muscle in the body, and neurotransmitters tell the muscle what to do.

Musculoskeletal System

• Skeletal muscles, attached to bones, connected to tendons, allow for voluntary movement and breathing.
• Cardiac muscles, in the heart, keep the heartbeat going (involuntary).
• Smooth muscles, in organ walls, eyes, and skin, perform involuntary functions.

Skeletal System

• The skeletal system, including 206 bones and connective tissue, provides a framework for the body.

Head and Neck

• The face, at the front of the head, enables the five senses and communicates emotions.
• The scalp, on top of the head, protects the skull and regulates body temperature.
• The forehead, on top of the face, forms facial expressions and protects the eyes.
• The nose, in the middle of the face, enables the sense of smell and keeps out foreign particles.
• The eyelid, above the eye, protects the eyes from foreign particles and enables the eyes to close.
• The ear, on either side of the head, enables the sense of hearing and maintains balance.
• The hair, on top of the scalp, regulates body temperature and protects the scalp.
• The mouth, below the nose, enables eating, talking, and breathing.
• The tongue, inside the mouth, enables the sense of taste and enables talking.
• The teeth, inside the mouth, chew food for digestion.