Anatomy of the Scalp

Questions and Answers

What is the posterior boundary of the scalp?

Highest nuchal line (correct)

External occipital protuberance

Superior temporal lines

Supraorbital margins

Which of the following layers of the scalp is composed of loose areolar connective tissue?

Connective tissue

Pericranium

Skin

Loose areolar connective tissue (correct)

What is the origin of the occipital belly muscle?

Skin of the forehead

Lateral part of highest nuchal line (correct)

Superior temporal lines

Epicranial aponeurosis

What is the function of the frontal bellies muscle?

Raises the eyebrows Signup and view all the answers

What is the nerve supply of the occipital belly muscle?

Posterior auricular branch of facial nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is the insertion point of the occipital belly muscle?

Epicranial aponeurosis Signup and view all the answers

Where does the facial nerve give its five terminal branches?

After it enters the parotid gland Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the facial artery?

It is a branch of the external carotid artery Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the branch that terminates the facial artery?

Angular artery Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of facial palsy?

inability to close the eye Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the parotid gland in relation to the external carotid artery?

Superficial to the external carotid artery Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the facial nerve before it enters the parotid gland?

In the stylomastoid foramen Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve supplies the frontal belly of the occipitofrontalis muscle?

Temporal branch of facial nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of the occipital belly of the occipitofrontalis muscle?

Moves the scalp backwards Signup and view all the answers

Which artery is a branch of the internal carotid artery and supplies the scalp?

Supratrochlear artery Signup and view all the answers

How many arteries supply the scalp?

5 Signup and view all the answers

Which vein drains the scalp and face?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which branch of the facial nerve supplies the occipital belly of the occipitofrontalis muscle?

Posterior auricular branch Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of the frontal belly of the occipitofrontalis muscle?

Moves the scalp forwards and raises the eyebrows Signup and view all the answers

Which artery is a branch of the external carotid artery and supplies the scalp?

Superficial temporal artery Signup and view all the answers

What is formed by the junction of the supratrochlear vein and the supraorbital vein?

Anterior facial vein Signup and view all the answers

What is the posterior division of the retromandibular vein connected to?

Posterior auricular vein Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the emissary veins?

To connect the Pterygoid plexus to the cavernous sinus vein Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the vein that connects the occipital region to the vertebral vein?

Occipital vein Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the cranial nerve responsible for transmitting visual information?

Optic nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the lymph node region that drains the scalp?

Pre-auricular Signup and view all the answers

Where does the facial vein end?

In the internal jugular vein Signup and view all the answers

What are the tributaries of the facial vein similar to?

The branches of the facial artery Signup and view all the answers

How does the facial vein communicate with the cavernous sinus?

Through the superior ophthalmic veins and the pterygoid plexus of veins Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the area of the face that is drained by the facial vein?

The upper lip and the lower part of the nose Signup and view all the answers

What is the risk of infections in the 'Dangerous Area of the Face'?

They can spread in retrograde direction and cause thrombosis of the cavernous sinus Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following lymph nodes drain the face?

Submandibular lymph nodes Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

SCALP

Definition: Soft tissue covering the vault of the skull
Extent: • Anteriorly: Supraorbital margins • Posteriorly: Highest nuchal line • On each side: Superior temporal lines
Layers: • Skin • Connective tissue • Apponeurosis (Epicranial) and Occipitofrontalis Muscle • Loose areolar connective tissue (Subapponeurotic Space) • Pericranium (Periosteum)

Occipitofrontalis Muscle

Origin: • Frontal belly: Skin of the forehead • Occipital belly: Lateral part of highest nuchal line
Insertion: • Epicranial aponeurosis
Nerve Supply: • Frontal belly: Temporal branch of facial nerve • Occipital belly: Posterior auricular branch of facial nerve
Action: • Frontal belly: Moves the scalp forwards, raises the eyebrows, and causes horizontal wrinkles in the skin of the forehead • Occipital belly: Moves the scalp backwards

Arteries of the SCALP

5 arteries supply the scalp: • Supratrochlear • Supraorbital • Superficial temporal • Posterior auricular • Occipital
Branches: • Supratrochlear artery • Supraorbital artery • Superficial temporal artery • Posterior auricular artery • Occipital artery

Veins of the SCALP and face

5 veins: • Superficial temporal vein • Maxillary vein • Posterior facial vein • External jugular vein • Subclavian vein
Supratrochlear vein and supraorbital vein join to form the anterior facial vein
Superficial temporal vein and maxillary vein join to form the posterior facial vein
Posterior facial vein divides into anterior and posterior divisions
Anterior division joins the anterior facial vein to form the common facial vein
Posterior division joins the posterior auricular vein
Occipital vein goes to the occipital network of veins

Lymph Drainage of the SCALP

Pre-auricular lymph nodes
Occipital lymph nodes
Submandibular lymph nodes

Cranial Nerves

12 cranial nerves: • Olfactory • Optic • Oculomotor • Trochlear • Trigeminal • Abducent • Facial • Vestibulochlear • Glossopharyngeal • Vagus • Accessory • Hypoglossal

Facial Nerve

Branches: • Posterior auricular • Temporal • Zygomatic • Buccal (upper and lower) • Mandibular • Cervical
Course: • From the stylomastoid foramen to the parotid gland • Through the parotid gland
Functions: • Supplies the muscles of facial expression • Supplies the tear gland

Blood Supply of the Face

Arteries: • Facial artery • Origin: Branch from external carotid • Course: Through the digasteric triangle in the neck and run between submandibular gland and mandible • Termination: Giving angular artery
Veins: • Facial vein • Origin: Branch from external carotid • Course: Through the digasteric triangle in the neck and run between submandibular gland and mandible • Termination: Joining the anterior division of the retromandibular vein to form the common facial vein

Lymph Drainage of the Face

Superficial parotid or preauricular lymph nodes
Submandibular lymph nodes
Submental lymph nodes

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Description

This quiz covers the definition, extent, and boundaries of the scalp, including its anterior, posterior, and lateral limits. It's based on Dr. Mohamed El Fiky's lecture notes.