Anatomy LE 4: GIT Histology

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What is the primary function of the muscularis in the stomach?

To absorb nutrients into the bloodstream

To regulate the movement of food into the small intestine

To mix food with acidic fluids and churn it into chyme (correct)

To secrete digestive enzymes into the stomach

Which region of the stomach has deeper gastric pits and shorter gastric glands?

Fundus

Cardia

Body

Pylorus (correct)

What is the primary function of cardiac glands in the stomach?

To secrete digestive enzymes

To absorb nutrients into the bloodstream

To secrete mucus to protect the stomach lining (correct)

To regulate the movement of food into the small intestine

What is the main difference between the cardia and pylorus regions of the stomach?

The type of glands present Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the chief cells in the stomach?

To secrete pepsin for protein digestion Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the mucous neck cells in the pylorus?

To secrete mucus to neutralize the chyme Signup and view all the answers

What is the ratio of gastric pits to gastric glands in the pylorus?

1:1 Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of neutralizing the chyme in the pylorus?

To prevent damage to the duodenum Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the mucous layer secreted by surface mucous cells?

To protect the mucosa from stomach acid and food Signup and view all the answers

Where are the surface mucous cells located in the gastric glands?

Near the gastric pits Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of the mucous layer secreted by surface mucous cells?

Rich in bicarbonate ions Signup and view all the answers

What is the outermost layer of the stomach?

Serosa Signup and view all the answers

What is found in the mucosa of the stomach?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the gastric glands?

To secrete mucous Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure that empties into the gastric pits?

Long, branched, tubular glands Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the muscularis mucosa?

To provide mechanical support to the mucosa Signup and view all the answers

What type of compounds are associated with the umami taste?

Amino acids such as glutamate and aspartate Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of enamel rods?

To provide hardness and resistance to greater pressures during mastication Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the enamel is composed of calcium hydroxyapatite?

96% Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of ameloblasts?

To secrete the enamel matrix Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells are the basal cells?

Undifferentiated cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of the enamel?

96% calcium hydroxyapatite and 2-3% organic material Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Tomes' process?

To contain numerous secretory granules with the proteins of the enamel matrix Signup and view all the answers

What is the main component of the dentin?

Not specified in the text Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of epithelium that lines the colon?

Simple columnar epithelium with abundant goblet cells Signup and view all the answers

Where are plicae circulares primarily found?

Jejunum Signup and view all the answers

What type of epithelium is found in the anal transitional zone?

Stratified squamous epithelium Signup and view all the answers

What is the outermost layer of the gastrointestinal tract?

Serosa Signup and view all the answers

What type of epithelial transition occurs at the esophagogastric junction?

Simple columnar epithelium to stratified squamous epithelium Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the appendix?

It has taenia coli. Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of Paneth cells?

They have large eosinophilic granules in their cytoplasm. Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of dentin?

It contains type I collagen. Signup and view all the answers

Where are the plicae circulares best seen?

Jejunum Signup and view all the answers

What type of epithelium is found in the esophagus?

Stratified squamous epithelium Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the appendix and rectum?

They have no taenia coli Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells are found in the intestinal mucosa and secrete lysozymes, phospholipase A2, and defensins?

Paneth cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the mucosal modifications of the rectum?

Valves of Houston Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the GIT has both smooth and skeletal muscles?

Esophagus Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of fold found in the stomach?

Rugae Signup and view all the answers

What is the covering of the esophagus except in the distal 1-2 cm?

Adventitia Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of papillae found in the tongue that are the smallest and most numerous?

Filiform papillae Signup and view all the answers

What is the region of the tongue that is sensitive to heat and cold?

Anterior 2/3 Signup and view all the answers