Anatomy of Taste Buds Quiz and Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What type of papillae on the tongue does not have taste buds?

Foliate papillae

Fungiform papillae

Circumvallate papillae

Filiform papillae (correct)

Which type of papillae is located at the junction between the posterior ⅓ and anterior ⅔ of the tongue?

Fungiform papillae

Circumvallate papillae (correct)

Foliate papillae

Filiform papillae

What is the role of Von Ebner glands in the tongue?

They produce mucus that helps to lubricate the tongue

They secrete saliva that helps to dissolve taste molecules (correct)

They are involved in the transduction of taste sensations

They produce saliva that helps to break down food

What is the function of the synapse between receptor cells and nerve fibers in taste buds?

To transmit the taste sensation to the brain Signup and view all the answers

How many nerves are involved in transmitting taste information from the tongue to the brain?

3 nerves Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is involved in conscious perception of olfaction?

Dorsomedial thalamic nucleus Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT directly related to emotion?

Piriform cortex Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the hypothalamus in the olfactory system?

Generating autonomic responses Signup and view all the answers

How many main tastes are recognized?

5 Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is involved in the emotional performance of olfaction?

Amygdaloid nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the ventral-posterior nucleus of the thalamus in the context of taste processing?

Relay station for taste inputs from the Solitary tract nucleus Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is responsible for conveying somatosensory sensations from the anterior ⅔ of the tongue?

Lingual nerve, branch of the V CN Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the orbitofrontal cortex in the context of flavour perception?

Integrating visual, taste, and somatosensory inputs Signup and view all the answers

Where are the cell bodies of the glossopharyngeal nerve (IX CN) located?

Petrosal ganglion Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary contributor to the sensation of flavour in food?

Olfaction from volatile molecules Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the somatosensory system in relation to food perception?

To provide texture and thermal sensations Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a disorder where one perceives a sweet taste as sour?

Dysgeusia Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using non-irritating substances in olfactory examinations?

To prevent somatosensory inputs Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the complete loss of smell?

Anosmia Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the electrogustometry examination?

To map the regions of the tongue corresponding to specific tastes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of transduction for sour taste?

Blockage of potassium channels by protons Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of glutamate receptors in taste perception?

Detection of umami taste Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of receptors involved in sweet taste transduction?

G protein associated receptors Signup and view all the answers

What is the common characteristic of salty and sour taste transduction mechanisms?

Involvement of ionic channels Signup and view all the answers

Where are the receptors responsible for taste perception located?

In specific receptor cells Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Taste and Flavour

The tongue has three nerves and three ganglia, but a single nucleus (destination) for taste information
Anterior ⅔ of the tongue is responsible for taste and touch, conveyed by the chorda tympani (branch of VII CN) and lingual nerve (branch of V)
Posterior ⅓ of the tongue is responsible for taste, conveyed by the glossopharyngeal nerve (IX CN)
Oropharynx is responsible for visceral information, conveyed by the vagus and X CN through the superior laryngeal nerve

Taste and Flavour Integration

Taste inputs travel to the cortex, relaying through the thalamus, specifically the ventral-posterior nucleus (VPM)
From the thalamus, taste inputs reach the insula and then the orbitofrontal cortex, where integration with other sensory inputs occurs
Flavour includes taste, olfaction, and somatosensory inputs
The orbitofrontal cortex receives visual, taste, somatosensory, and other inputs, and integrates them to form flavour

Olfaction

Olfaction is responsible for most of the flavour we interpret from food
When we have a cold, food tastes different due to reduced olfaction
The olfactory system contacts the hypothalamus to generate autonomic responses
The olfactory system also connects with the hippocampus, amygdaloid nucleus, and piriform cortex, influencing emotions, memory, and behaviour

Taste

There are 5 recognized tastes: sweet, salty, sour, bitter, and umami
The taste bud includes receptors, expressed on gustatory cells, and supporting cells
Receptors make synapse with gustatory fibres, carrying taste sensation to the brain
Taste buds are grouped in papillae on the tongue, but scattered in other parts of the oral cavity

Types of Papillae

Filiform papillae have no taste buds
Fungiform papillae have taste buds on the lateral wall
Circumvallate papillae are located at the junction between the posterior ⅓ and anterior ⅔ of the tongue
Foliate papillae have taste buds and Von Ebner glands, which secrete saliva

Disorders of Olfaction and Taste

Ageusia: no taste
Hypogeusia: reduction of taste
Dysgeusia: misinterpretation of taste
Anosmia: no olfaction
Hyposmia: reduction of olfaction
Parosmia: no correct interpretation of smells
Cacosmia: a type of parosmia, where everything smells bad

Examination of Taste and Olfaction

Taste tests: examining main tastes by applying substances to specific regions of the tongue
Electrogustometry: a test to examine taste
Olfaction tests: using non-irritating substances to examine olfaction, with each nostril explored separately

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Description

Learn about the structure and function of taste buds, including the role of receptors, gustatory cells, and papillae on the tongue and other parts of the oral cavity. Discover how taste buds transmit sensory information to the brain.

Anatomy of Taste Buds

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