Anatomy LE 3: Heart and Mediastinum

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What is the main function of the phrenic nerve?

Sensation of pain

Regulation of blood pressure

Control of breathing (correct)

Regulation of heart rate

What is the name of the nerve that runs along the superior mediastinum?

Tracheal nerve

Phrenic nerve

Thoracic sympathetic nerve

Vagus nerve (correct)

What is the name of the vein that drains the heart and empties into the coronary sinus?

Great cardiac vein (correct)

Middle cardiac vein

Oblique vein of Marshall

Small cardiac vein

What is the name of the structure that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity?

Diaphragm Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the system of veins that drains the heart?

Azygos system of veins Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the node that initiates the heartbeat?

Sinoatrial node Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the layer of the heart that is in contact with the pericardium?

Epicardium Signup and view all the answers

What is the vertical ridge that separates the two parts of the right atrium called?

Crista terminalis Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the depression in the interstitial septum in the right atrium?

Fossa ovalis Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the part of the right atrium where the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and coronary sinus open?

Sinus venarum Signup and view all the answers

How many atria are there in the heart?

2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the wall that separates the two atria?

Interatrial septum Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the part of the right atrium that is rough?

Rough part Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the counterpart of the crista terminalis outside the heart?

Sulcus terminalis Signup and view all the answers

Where does the left vagus nerve enter the thorax?

Between the left common carotid and left subclavian arteries Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the nerve that arises from the left vagus nerve?

Left recurrent laryngeal nerve Signup and view all the answers

In which part of the body does the left vagus nerve continue as the Posterior Vagal Trunk?

Abdomen Signup and view all the answers

Where does the right vagus nerve enter the thorax?

Anterior to the right subclavian artery Signup and view all the answers

Where are the openings of the right atria and the right ventricle located?

In the right atrioventricular orifice Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure that the left vagus nerve passes inferior to or hooks around?

Arch of the aorta Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the valve that guards the opening between the right atrium and the right ventricle?

Tricuspid valve Signup and view all the answers

Where does the left vagus nerve ascend to supply?

Larynx Signup and view all the answers

What are the thin cordlike structures that arise from the free margins of the tricuspid valve cusps?

Tendinous cords or chordae tendinae Signup and view all the answers

What is the part of the aorta that the left vagus nerve reaches?

Arch of the aorta Signup and view all the answers

What forms the pulmonary trunk?

Right, left, and anterior cusps Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the valve located at the apex of the conus arteriosus?

Semilunar valve Signup and view all the answers

How many cusps does the tricuspid valve have?

Three Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the cordlike structures that attach to the papillary muscles?

Tendinous cords or chordae tendinae Signup and view all the answers

Where is the Tricuspid valve located anatomically?

Behind the right half of the sternum opposite the fourth intercostal space Signup and view all the answers

Where is the Bicuspid (Mitral) valve located anatomically?

Behind the left half of the sternum opposite the fourth costal cartilage Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the Aortic valve in terms of auscultation?

Over the right half of the lower end of the body of the sternum Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the Pulmonary valve in terms of auscultation?

Over the medial end of the second left intercostal space Signup and view all the answers

Why do different cardiac valves produce sounds in different auscultatory areas?

Because the valves are located posterior to the sternum and are anatomically located almost adjacent to each other Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the red marks in Figure 40?

They represent the auscultatory areas of the heart valves Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the green areas in Figure 40?

They represent the anatomic areas of the heart valves Signup and view all the answers