Human Heart and Circulatory System Anatomy

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Where is the heart located in the body?

In the abdominal cavity
In the mediastinum, between the lungs (correct)
Close to the kidneys
Between the liver and stomach

Which of the following statements is true about arteries?

Arteries always carry blood towards the heart (correct)
Arteries are thinner than veins
Arteries always carry deoxygenated blood
Arteries only carry blood in the systemic circuit

What separates the heart from other structures?

Endocardium
Myocardium
Epicardium
Pericardium (correct)

What is the function of the pulmonary circuit?

Let blood get oxygen from the lungs (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which chambers of the heart receive blood?

Two atria and two ventricles (A) Signup and view all the answers

What happens during cardiac hypertrophy?

The heart muscles thicken and enlarge (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which sound is indicative of failure of the left ventricle?

S4 (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum grade on the scale used to grade murmurs?

Grade 6 (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for cardiac output (CO)?

CO = SV * HR (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve decreases heart rate through the release of acetylcholine?

Vagus nerve (C) Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to the fight or flight reflex impacting heart rate?

Epinephrine and Norepinephrine (D) Signup and view all the answers

At what stage does the human heart start forming after fertilization?

About 3 weeks after fertilization (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the heart prevents backflow from arteries back into the ventricles?

Semilunar valves (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of papillary muscles in the heart?

Contract to prevent backflow (C) Signup and view all the answers

Where is the SA node located in the heart?

In the superior and posterior aspect of right atrium (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which element causes the action potential (electrical current) in cardiac muscle cells?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of conducting cells in the heart?

Conduct electrical impulses through the heart (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which component of an EKG represents the depolarization of the atria?

P wave (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does an EKG use for diagnosing cardiac problems?

Electrodes and electrical signals (A) Signup and view all the answers

What are the 'Heart Strings' that papillary muscles pull to prevent backflow?

Chordae tendineae (C) Signup and view all the answers

In which phase do semilunar valves close and atrioventricular valves remain closed?

Isovolumic ventricular relaxation phase (B) Signup and view all the answers

What causes the 'S1' sound in heart auscultation?

Atrioventricular valves closing (A) Signup and view all the answers