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Questions and Answers
Where does the pulmonary trunk begin and end?
Where does the pulmonary trunk begin and end?
The pulmonary trunk begins behind the left sternal margin opposite the left 3rd costal cartilage and ends opposite the left 2nd costal cartilage.
What are the branches of the arch of aorta?
What are the branches of the arch of aorta?
The branches of the arch of aorta are the brachiocephalic artery, left common carotid artery, and left subclavian artery.
What is the starting point of the descending aorta?
What is the starting point of the descending aorta?
The descending aorta begins at the left 2nd costal cartilage as a continuation of the aortic arch.
What structures does the superior vena cava receive as tributaries?
What structures does the superior vena cava receive as tributaries?
Describe the course of the ascending aorta.
Describe the course of the ascending aorta.
Where does the descending aorta end?
Where does the descending aorta end?
What is the significance of the thyroid ima artery?
What is the significance of the thyroid ima artery?
What is the anatomical relationship of the superior vena cava to the pericardium?
What is the anatomical relationship of the superior vena cava to the pericardium?
What anatomical structure does the ascending aorta extend from and to?
What anatomical structure does the ascending aorta extend from and to?
Explain the relationship between the pulmonary trunk and the pericardium.
Explain the relationship between the pulmonary trunk and the pericardium.
Describe the trajectory of the aortic arch in relation to mediastinal sections.
Describe the trajectory of the aortic arch in relation to mediastinal sections.
How does the descending aorta continue from the aortic arch?
How does the descending aorta continue from the aortic arch?
Identify the entry point of the superior vena cava and its significance.
Identify the entry point of the superior vena cava and its significance.
List the primary branches of the arch of aorta.
List the primary branches of the arch of aorta.
What is the termination point of the superior vena cava?
What is the termination point of the superior vena cava?
Differentiate between the courses of the ascending aorta and the descending aorta.
Differentiate between the courses of the ascending aorta and the descending aorta.
Flashcards
Aortic orifice
Aortic orifice
The entry point of the aorta into the abdominal cavity, located at the level of the 12th thoracic vertebra (T12).
Aorta
Aorta
The largest artery in the body, responsible for carrying oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body except the lungs.
Ascending aorta
Ascending aorta
The part of the aorta that ascends from the heart, completely covered by the pericardium and located in the middle mediastinum.
Arch of aorta
Arch of aorta
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Descending aorta
Descending aorta
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Pulmonary trunk
Pulmonary trunk
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Superior vena cava
Superior vena cava
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Right & Left coronary arteries
Right & Left coronary arteries
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Pulmonary veins
Pulmonary veins
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Thyroida ima artery
Thyroida ima artery
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Study Notes
Great Vessels
-
Pulmonary Trunk
- Begins behind the left sternal margin, opposite the left 3rd costal cartilage.
- Completely covered by pericardium.
- Passes through the middle mediastinum.
- Ends opposite the left 2nd costal cartilage, bifurcating into the right and left pulmonary arteries.
- Branches: right long pulmonary artery and left short pulmonary artery.
-
Ascending Aorta
- Begins behind the left sternal margin, opposite the left 3rd intercostal space.
- Completely covered by pericardium.
- Passes through the middle mediastinum.
- Ends opposite the right 2nd costal cartilage, forming the arch of the aorta.
- Branches: right and left coronary arteries.
-
Arch of Aorta
- Begins at the right 2nd costal cartilage, continuing from the ascending aorta.
- Passes through the superior mediastinum.
- Ends at the left 2nd costal cartilage, becoming the descending thoracic aorta.
- Branches:
- Brachiocephalic trunk (which branches into the right common carotid artery and right subclavian artery)
- Left common carotid artery
- Left subclavian artery
- Thyroid ima artery (may be absent).
-
Descending Aorta
- Begins at the left 2nd costal cartilage, continuing from the arch of the aorta.
- Passes through the posterior mediastinum.
- Ends at the T12 level, becoming the abdominal aorta.
- Branches:
- Left bronchial
- Pericardial
- Esophageal
- Superior phrenic
- Subcostal
- Lower 9 posterior internal thoracic artery (ICA)
-
Superior Vena Cava
- Formed by the union of the right and left brachiocephalic veins at the right 1st costal cartilage.
- Passes through the superior and middle mediastinum.
- Pierces the pericardium at the level of the 2nd costal cartilage.
- Ends in the posterior wall of the right atrium at the right 3rd costal cartilage.
- Tributaries:
- Right brachiocephalic vein
- Left brachiocephalic vein
- Azygos vein (ends at the 2nd costal cartilage level).
- Note: Brachiocephalic veins are formed by the union of the internal jugular and subclavian veins.
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