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Questions and Answers
What is the primary mineral necessary for forming the structural framework of bones?
What is the primary mineral necessary for forming the structural framework of bones?
The ability to add new bone mass increases significantly after the age of 20.
The ability to add new bone mass increases significantly after the age of 20.
False
What is peak bone mass?
What is peak bone mass?
The maximum bone density and strength a person can achieve.
During puberty, calcium is necessary to support the rapid ______ and strengthening of bones.
During puberty, calcium is necessary to support the rapid ______ and strengthening of bones.
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Match the following sources of calcium with their examples:
Match the following sources of calcium with their examples:
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Which term describes a position that is closer to the midline of the body?
Which term describes a position that is closer to the midline of the body?
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The anatomical position has the palms facing backward.
The anatomical position has the palms facing backward.
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What is the sagittal plane?
What is the sagittal plane?
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The term ______ refers to a position that is farther from the point of attachment of a limb to the trunk.
The term ______ refers to a position that is farther from the point of attachment of a limb to the trunk.
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Which of the following correctly defines the term 'inferior'?
Which of the following correctly defines the term 'inferior'?
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Match the directional terms with their correct definitions:
Match the directional terms with their correct definitions:
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The transverse plane divides the body into anterior and posterior sections.
The transverse plane divides the body into anterior and posterior sections.
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What is the significance of using anatomical terminology?
What is the significance of using anatomical terminology?
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What is the primary purpose of the epiphyseal plate?
What is the primary purpose of the epiphyseal plate?
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Bone remodeling involves the process of removing old bone tissue and forming new bone tissue.
Bone remodeling involves the process of removing old bone tissue and forming new bone tissue.
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What hormones are involved in calcium homeostasis?
What hormones are involved in calcium homeostasis?
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The __________ system serves as the internal framework of the body.
The __________ system serves as the internal framework of the body.
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Match the following websites with their features:
Match the following websites with their features:
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Which of the following structures is located inferior to the eyes?
Which of the following structures is located inferior to the eyes?
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Which type of cells are responsible for removing old bone?
Which type of cells are responsible for removing old bone?
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There are five main types of tissue in the human body.
There are five main types of tissue in the human body.
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What is the term for the position where the body is standing upright, facing forward, with arms at the sides and palms facing forward?
What is the term for the position where the body is standing upright, facing forward, with arms at the sides and palms facing forward?
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Calcium homeostasis only involves parathyroid hormone.
Calcium homeostasis only involves parathyroid hormone.
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What is the role of osteoblasts in bone remodeling?
What is the role of osteoblasts in bone remodeling?
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The three main types of muscle tissue are ______, ______, and ______.
The three main types of muscle tissue are ______, ______, and ______.
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Match the following types of tissue with their examples:
Match the following types of tissue with their examples:
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What is the primary function of the integumentary system?
What is the primary function of the integumentary system?
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What are the signs and symptoms of hypothermia?
What are the signs and symptoms of hypothermia?
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The basic unit of life is the ______.
The basic unit of life is the ______.
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What is the primary function of articular cartilage?
What is the primary function of articular cartilage?
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The medullary cavity contains red bone marrow in adults.
The medullary cavity contains red bone marrow in adults.
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What is the basic structural unit of compact bone called?
What is the basic structural unit of compact bone called?
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The process by which bone is formed, remodeled, and repaired is called __________.
The process by which bone is formed, remodeled, and repaired is called __________.
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Match the following joints with their type:
Match the following joints with their type:
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Which of the following features are found in the vertebral column?
Which of the following features are found in the vertebral column?
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What is the role of ligaments in the skeletal system?
What is the role of ligaments in the skeletal system?
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Tendons connect bones to other bones.
Tendons connect bones to other bones.
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What mechanism does the body use to cool down when it detects a rise in temperature?
What mechanism does the body use to cool down when it detects a rise in temperature?
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Hyperthermia is caused by an underlying infection or illness.
Hyperthermia is caused by an underlying infection or illness.
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What is the primary role of sweat glands in the body?
What is the primary role of sweat glands in the body?
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When exposed to sunlight, the skin synthesizes __________, which is essential for calcium absorption.
When exposed to sunlight, the skin synthesizes __________, which is essential for calcium absorption.
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Which of the following is NOT a symptom of hyperthermia?
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of hyperthermia?
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Match the temperature control mechanisms with their descriptions:
Match the temperature control mechanisms with their descriptions:
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The hypothalamus regulates the body's cooling mechanisms.
The hypothalamus regulates the body's cooling mechanisms.
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List one treatment measure for hyperthermia.
List one treatment measure for hyperthermia.
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Study Notes
Anatomy and Physiology Semester 1 Study Guide
- Course instructor: Ms Catherine and Ms Mona
- Academic year: 2023-2024
- Course section: A - What You Need to Know, B - Practice to Prepare
- This guide covers material taught in Semester 1 and will be assessed.
Unit 1: Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology (Anatomical Terminology)
- Learning outcomes:
- Explain the importance of anatomical position and terminology.
- Use terminology in relation to the position of anatomical parts.
- Correctly refer to the location of body parts (anterior, posterior, superior, inferior, lateral, distal, proximal, medial, superficial)
- Identify and use the correct terminology used to divide the body into planes.
- Explain the use of anatomical terminology and planes and their importance in diagnostic testing and imaging.
Key Vocabulary
- Superior: Above or toward the head
- Inferior: Below or toward the feet
- Anterior (Ventral): Toward the front of the body
- Posterior (Dorsal): Toward the back of the body
- Medial: Closer to the midline of the body
- Lateral: Farther from the midline of the body
- Proximal: Closer to the point of attachment of a limb to the trunk
- Distal: Farther from the point of attachment of a limb to the trunk
- Sagittal Plane: Divides the body into left and right sections
- Frontal Plane (Coronal Plane): Divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) sections
- Transverse Plane: Divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) sections
- Anatomical Position: The standard reference position in anatomy (upright body, feet slightly apart, flat on the ground, head level, eyes forward, arms at sides with palms forward, thumbs away from body)
Unit 2: Cells
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Learning outcomes:
- Describe a generalized cell, identifying and describing the cell organelles.
- Recognize the features of a generalized cell in light and electron micrographs.
- Recognize the hierarchy of organization in multicellular organisms (including humans).
- Appreciate the cooperation between cells, tissues, organs and organ systems in the structure and function of the human body.
- Explain specialized cells, with specific examples.
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Key vocabulary: Cell
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Cell organelles covered (Nucleus, Ribosomes, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgi Apparatus, Lysosomes, Mitochondria, Plasma Membrane, Cytoplasm, Cytoskeleton, Peroxisomes, Centrioles, and Vesicles) – their functions described in detail.
- Each of these organelles listed is explained regarding its function to help readers form a basic understanding of each organelle.
Unit 3: Tissues
-
Learning outcomes:
- Explain how cells are organized into tissues, with specific examples.
- Recognize structural and functional diversity in human tissues.
- Recognize the characteristic features and functional roles of the four main tissue types in humans.
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Key vocabulary: Tissue, Histology, Epithelial Tissue, Connective Tissue, Muscle Tissue, Nervous Tissue, extracellular matrix (ECM), Collagen Fibers.
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Basic explanation for each tissue type, its examples and function.
Unit 4: Integumentary System and Homeostasis (Temperature Control)
- Learning outcomes:
- Describe the functions of the integumentary system and identify structural features associated with these functions,
- Describe the structure of the skin including features of its two tissues, the epidermis and the dermis.
- Appreciate that the hypodermis (or subcutaneous tissue) is not considered part of the skin but is closely related to it
- Explain the need for homeostasis or temperature control in humans.
- Key vocabulary: Epidermis, Dermis, Hypodermis (Subcutaneous Layer), Keratinocytes, Melanocytes, Sebaceous Glands, Sweat Glands, Hair Follicle, Arrector Pili Muscle, Nails, Stratum Corneum, Stratum Basale, Heat Regulation, Melanin, and Homeostasis.
- Deep dive into each topic with specific examples covering each organelle involved, their locations, and functions.
Unit 5: Skeletal System
- Learning outcomes:
- Recall the characteristics of connective tissues (CTs).
- Describe the roles of the skeletal system and bone in homeostasis.
- Describe the composition of bone.
- Classify bones according to their size and shape, with examples.
- Identify the components of the skeleton and describe its two functional regions (axial and appendicular skeleton).
- Describe the role of joints in the skeleton, classifying joints structurally and functionally, with examples.
- Describe degenerative changes in the skeleton with increasing age.
- Key vocabulary: Axial Skeleton, Appendicular Skeleton, Bone, Compact Bone, Spongy Bone, Osteocyte, Osteoblast, Osteoclast, Periosteum, Endosteum, Bone Marrow, Epiphysis, Diaphysis, Articular Cartilage, Medullary Cavity, Haversian System/Osteon, Lamellae, Lacunae, Canaliculi, Joint, Ligament, Tendon, Cartilage, Synovial Fluid, Suture.
- Explanation of all vocabulary, detailed explanation for each concept.
Support Resources
- List of excellent internet resources for learning anatomy and physiology, including interactive diagrams, animations, quizzes, and comprehensive explanations. (Examples: GetBodySmart, TeachMeAnatomy, Free Anatomy Quiz, and InnerBody)
- This is a great way to form a further understanding of all the topics covered in this study guide.
Practice Problems (Section B)
- Sample problems from each unit, intended for learners to study before their exam (Questions include those on anatomical position, planes, cells, tissues, and homeostasis).
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Prepare for your Anatomy and Physiology exam with this comprehensive Semester 1 study guide. It covers key concepts, anatomical terminology, and the importance of accurate positioning of body parts. Use this guide to assess your understanding and improve your performance in the course.
