Questions and Answers
What does the prefix syn- mean?
What does the prefix malle- mean?
What is a joint that is slightly movable classified as?
What is the medical term for the cell that breaks down bone matrix?
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What term refers to the end of a long bone?
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What is a function of the skeletal system regarding calcium?
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Sadie suffered a(n) __________ fracture after her fall.
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Which structures allow nutrients to diffuse from the central canal to osteocytes?
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What step occurs first in embryonic development of most bones?
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Which of these bones is part of the axial skeleton?
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What causes the pain associated with a herniated disc?
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What condition might a child like Hasan, who has bowed legs and muscle weakness, have?
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Match the following terms with their definitions:
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What is the distinguishing feature of a synovial joint?
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Which bones form the shoulder joint?
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What bone does NOT articulate directly with any other bone?
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What is the region of the coxal bone that bears most of the body weight when sitting?
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What type of joint is found between the atlas and the dens of the axis?
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Fontanels allow the fetal skull to be compressed slightly during childbirth.
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Which of these statements describes a function of fontanels?
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Study Notes
Prefixes in Anatomy
- Syn- means "together"
- Malle- means "hammer"
- Osteo- means "bone"
- Amphi- means "both"
- Meta- means "between," "along," or "after"
Joint Classifications
- Amphiarthrosis joints: slightly movable joints; example includes the elbow joint.
- Synovial membrane: membrane that holds synovial joints like the elbow together.
- Medial malleolus: the mallet-shaped protrusion on the interior of the ankle.
Bone Structure and Types
- Epiphysis: refers to the end of a long bone.
- Canaliculi: small channels allowing nutrient diffusion from the central canal to osteocytes within an osteon.
- Osteoclast: a cell that breaks down bone matrix, contrasted with osteoblasts which build up bone.
Growth and Development of Bones
- Appositional growth: initial step in embryonic development of most bones; increases bone diameter.
- Ossification: process by which bones increase in length.
Skeletal System Functions
- Functions of the skeletal system include serving as a storage site for calcium.
Fractures and Injuries
- Impacted fracture: occurs when the broken ends of a bone are forced into each other, as in Sadie's accident.
Common Bone Diseases
- Rickets: condition often characterized by bowed legs, muscle weakness, and bone pain; commonly seen in children.
Types of Bones and Joints
- Axial skeleton example: Sternum.
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Types of joints:
- Synarthroses: immovable joints (e.g., skull sutures)
- Amphiarthroses: slightly movable joints (e.g., between vertebrae)
- Diarthroses: freely movable joints (e.g., knee, shoulder)
Vertebral Issues
- Herniated disc: causes pain by exerting pressure on spinal nerves.
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Spinal deformities:
- Scoliosis: lateral curve
- Kyphosis: posterior curve
- Lordosis: anterior curve
Specific Bones and Their Features
- Hyoid bone: does not articulate directly with any other bone.
- Ischial tuberosity: absorbs most body weight while sitting.
- Shoulder joint: formed by the scapula and humerus.
- Coxal bone: consists of ilium, pubis, and ischium.
Joint Characteristics
- Pivot joint: found between the atlas and the dens of the axis.
- Synovial joint: distinguished by the presence of a joint cavity; includes examples like the shoulder and knee.
Treatment of Joint Injuries
- Dislocated joints, such as a dislocated shoulder, primarily require reduction as treatment.
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Description
Test your knowledge on key terms and definitions from Chapter 5 of Anatomy & Physiology. This quiz covers prefixes related to the skeletal system and classifications of joints. Enhance your understanding and retention of essential concepts in human anatomy.
