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Questions and Answers
Another word for 'Arm' is:
Another word for 'Arm' is:
brachium
A sagittal plane divides your body into _________ sections:
A sagittal plane divides your body into _________ sections:
right and left
An abdomen is _______ to the gluteal region and _________ to the cervical region.
An abdomen is _______ to the gluteal region and _________ to the cervical region.
ventral, caudal
Which of the following statements about synovial joints is FALSE?
Which of the following statements about synovial joints is FALSE?
Which joints are considered ball and socket joints?
Which joints are considered ball and socket joints?
Movements of the elbow joint around a horizontal axis produces...
Movements of the elbow joint around a horizontal axis produces...
Movement of the hip joint around a vertical axis produces...
Movement of the hip joint around a vertical axis produces...
Rotation of the forearm such that the palm faces UP is...
Rotation of the forearm such that the palm faces UP is...
What structure(s) provides primary shock absorption at the knee joint?
What structure(s) provides primary shock absorption at the knee joint?
The stronger the joint, the ________ the joint.
The stronger the joint, the ________ the joint.
The primary component of connective tissue is:
The primary component of connective tissue is:
All of the following are functions of connective tissue EXCEPT:
All of the following are functions of connective tissue EXCEPT:
Tendons are composed of what type of connective tissue?
Tendons are composed of what type of connective tissue?
The cell type in cartilage that dissolves cartilage matrix is the:
The cell type in cartilage that dissolves cartilage matrix is the:
All of the following are characteristics of cartilage EXCEPT:
All of the following are characteristics of cartilage EXCEPT:
Which type of cartilage is best suited for shock-absorption?
Which type of cartilage is best suited for shock-absorption?
Which type of cell produces new bone?
Which type of cell produces new bone?
An osteon __________.
An osteon __________.
Concerning endochondral ossification...
Concerning endochondral ossification...
Which muscle type is nonstriated, contains a single nucleus and is involuntary (not under conscious control)?
Which muscle type is nonstriated, contains a single nucleus and is involuntary (not under conscious control)?
The nerve's action potential is distributed deep into the muscle fiber by the ______.
The nerve's action potential is distributed deep into the muscle fiber by the ______.
Calcium is stored in which muscle cell organelle?
Calcium is stored in which muscle cell organelle?
Which connective tissue wrapping surrounds the whole (entire) muscle?
Which connective tissue wrapping surrounds the whole (entire) muscle?
The ______ contains the thick protein filaments.
The ______ contains the thick protein filaments.
What is the action of the orbicularis oculi?
What is the action of the orbicularis oculi?
The temporalis is a muscle of ________?
The temporalis is a muscle of ________?
The most superficial abdominal muscle of the group listed below is the _________?
The most superficial abdominal muscle of the group listed below is the _________?
The abdominal muscle whose fibers run vertically is the _________.
The abdominal muscle whose fibers run vertically is the _________.
Muscles of the vertebral column _______.
Muscles of the vertebral column _______.
As a posterior trunk muscle, the trapezius can do all of the following, EXCEPT __________.
As a posterior trunk muscle, the trapezius can do all of the following, EXCEPT __________.
Which of the following best describes what the triceps brachii can do?
Which of the following best describes what the triceps brachii can do?
Anterior muscles that insert on the carpal bones ______.
Anterior muscles that insert on the carpal bones ______.
As posterior thigh muscles, the hamstrings _______.
As posterior thigh muscles, the hamstrings _______.
Plantar foot muscles _________.
Plantar foot muscles _________.
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Study Notes
Anatomical Terms
- The term "brachium" refers to the arm.
- A sagittal plane divides the body into right and left sections.
- The abdomen is ventral to the gluteal region and caudal to the cervical region.
Synovial Joints
- Synovial joints contain a space and are lined with articular cartilage.
- They can be freely movable and categorized as tri-, bi-, or uni-axial.
- A false statement about them is that they are stronger than immovable joints.
Joint Movements
- Elbow joint movement around a horizontal axis is known as pronation.
- Hip joint movement around a vertical axis results in lateral rotation.
- Supination refers to the rotation of the forearm where the palm faces up.
Knee Joint Structure
- Menisci are the primary structures providing shock absorption at the knee joint.
- A stronger joint is more stable and less mobile.
Connective Tissue
- The extracellular matrix is the primary component of connective tissue.
- Functions of connective tissue include support, transport, framework, and storage; communication is not a function.
Cartilage
- Tendons are made of dense regular connective tissue.
- Chondroclasts are the cells that dissolve cartilage matrix.
- Cartilage is solid, avascular, and surrounded by perichondrium; however, it can grow by more than just peripheral addition.
- Fibrocartilage is best for shock absorption.
Bone Structure
- Osteoblasts are responsible for producing new bone.
- An osteon is the basic unit of compact bone, containing blood vessels, concentric lamellae, and osteocytes.
- Endochondral ossification begins with a cartilage model.
Muscle Tissue
- Smooth muscle is nonstriated, involuntary, and has a single nucleus.
- Myofilaments distribute the nerve's action potential deep into muscle fibers.
- Calcium is stored in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of muscle cells.
- The entire muscle is surrounded by epimysium.
Muscle Anatomy
- The "A band" contains the thick protein filaments responsible for striations.
- The orbicularis oculi muscle functions to close the eye.
- Temporalis is a muscle involved in mastication (chewing).
- The most superficial abdominal muscle is the external oblique.
- The rectus abdominis has vertical fiber orientation and it runs vertically.
- Muscles of the vertebral column primarily extend the spine.
Posterior Trunk Muscles
- The trapezius can depress, elevate, or retract the scapula but does not protract it.
- The triceps brachii muscle extends the arm and forearm at the shoulder and elbow.
Muscle Actions
- Anterior muscles inserting on carpal bones flex the wrist.
- The hamstring group extends the hip and flexes the knee joints.
- Muscles on the plantar foot flex the toes.
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