Anatomy and Physiology Quiz: Levels of Organization

<p>Dissection of preserved animal bodies or organs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cells and their structures (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Organs are the basic structural units of organ systems and perform specific functions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To gain a comprehensive understanding of how structures relate to functions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To interact with myosin for muscle contractions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Myofibrils are parallel to the muscle fiber's length (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To pull actin filaments during contraction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The functional unit of a muscle cell (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Muscle fibers are arranged in bundles called fascicles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cross-bridges form to initiate contraction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The arrangement of actin and myosin filaments (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parallel arrangement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To bind to myosin and create tension (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In parallel arrangements along the length of the fiber (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is the smallest functional unit of a muscle fiber (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It maximizes the efficiency of force generation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Muscle fibers have a unique arrangement of actin and myosin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They slide past one another to shorten the sarcomere (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their alignment allows for concentrated tension during contraction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It enhances understanding of complex physiological processes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Built-in audio pronunciations and rotatable bones. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Instructor and student customization options. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A mix of art labeling and interactive tutorials. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It offers a diverse range of assessments and resources. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It offers a visual and interactive approach to anatomy concepts. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Through download on mobile devices from app stores. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To help students understand difficult concepts through interactivity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The rate of glomerular filtration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Opsonization of pathogens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To reduce chromosome number (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Release of perforin and granzymes by cytotoxic cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Autoimmune response mimicking TSH (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The importance of intrinsic factor for vitamin B12 absorption (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They assist with ventricular filling. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Like a parachute filling with air (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The involvement of the dorsal and ventral respiratory groups (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can assist in treating fibrillation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fluid accumulation in the lungs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>There are six stages involved. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The parietal and visceral layers of the peritoneum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To allow self-study and enhance quiz preparation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To engage students through interactive devices (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The connection between course topics and allied health careers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They encourage engagement before, during, and after class (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Building Vocabulary activities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pharmacy Technician (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can be accessed through a mobile app (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By engaging students throughout the learning process (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sentries guarding the skin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lysosomes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Crude oil and gasoline (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Circumferential burns (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DNA's molecular assistant (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Evolving changes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Crowd surfing on mucus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Updated descriptions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lungs are structured to facilitate gas exchange. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Physiological functions are dependent on anatomical structures. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cellular level (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cells that have the same function and structure. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anatomy and physiology enhance each other's understanding. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A combination of mixed tissue types. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Organ level (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tissues form organs, and organs form organ systems. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DaTscan (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bone formation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mixing paint (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Translating concepts into easily understood parts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Master of Science with a specialization in gerontology (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Another location for taste buds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By funding scholarships and supporting service-learning trips (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Its function as a structural and functional unit of muscle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They help students remember complex concepts more easily. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Teaching microbiology and anatomy and physiology (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They reinforce connections between previously-learned and new concepts. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An analogy to spinning carnival rides (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Initiates cross-bridge formation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mount Holyoke College (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Building Vocabulary Coaching Activities. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The interaction between receptors and hormones (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They illustrate the relevance of concepts in practical settings. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>National shortage of nursing faculty (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>E.N. Marieb Science Research Awards (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Key examples of anatomy and physiology concepts are introduced. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>New and improved illustrations provide clear representations of concepts. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Human Anatomy and Physiology Society (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To serve as a platform for accessing interactive features and learning tools. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They facilitate the assignment of figures from the text for practice. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sentries guarding the skin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Molecular assistant to DNA (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Crude oil and gasoline (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Evolution of changes over time (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cellular stomachs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Burns of the airway (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mitochondria replicate through binary fission (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are produced to transmit signals between cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Serina Beauparlant (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kenneth Ryan (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Guidance throughout the writing process (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trinity Valley Community College (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gustavo A. Solis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>John F. Tarpey (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Laura Ritt (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lauren Harp (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A synaptic cleft is the space between two neurons, while a synapse is the connection point. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Myelin sheath (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They permit movement in multiple planes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It secretes synovial fluid for lubrication and nourishment. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Immediate pain and potential neurological damage. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Signal transmission may stop or jump to an unmyelinated neuron. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It emphasizes the flexibility of cranial sutures. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>PNS myelin sheaths are made of different types of cells. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Patrice Fabel (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diligent copyeditor</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gary Hespenheide</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nicky Montalvo = Editorial Coordinator Betsy Dietrich = Proofreader Sallie Steele = Indexing Kristin Piljay = Photo Researcher</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Multimedia content (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sallie Steele</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Serina Beauparlant (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Jeannette Hafey</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>team</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Springfield College = Jeannette Hafey Forsyth Technical Community College = Gustavo A. Solis Indian Hills Community College = Heidi Peterson Tyler Junior College = Margaret Ott</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Claudia Williams (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To help students learn essential terminology in anatomy and physiology (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lauren Harp</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They reinforce previously-learned concepts and help students connect across body systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>conversational</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They filter airborne particles. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Building Vocabulary = Helps students learn essential terms Interactive Physiology = Provides 2.0 tutorials Dynamic Study Modules = Supports continuous learning Art-Labeling Activities = Assigns figures for practice</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Integration of clinical applications related to the human body (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A parachute filling with air.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ventricular</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inspiration and information for students preparing for healthcare careers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They kill infected tumor cells. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pericardium = A double-walled sac containing the heart. Stroke Volume = The amount of blood pumped by the heart in one contraction. Pulmonary Embolism = Blockage in a pulmonary artery. Congestive Heart Failure = Condition where the heart is unable to pump effectively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parietal and visceral layers of the peritoneum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The gap between neurons where communication occurs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To insulate axons and increase the speed of neural signals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>saddle</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unipolar cell body (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Synovial membrane = Lines joints and produces synovial fluid Trochlea = A structure that fits into the trochlear notch Myelin sheath = Insulating layer around an axon Arachnid granulations = Structures that absorb cerebrospinal fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is the hole in the base of the skull where the spinal cord exits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pearson Education (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>integumentary</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epithelial = Covering and lining surfaces Connective = Support and bind other tissues Muscle = Contract and allow movement Nervous = Transmit signals and control functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sensor (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Movement, Metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cognitive System (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Receive signals from other neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dorsal Body Cavity = Contains the brain and spinal cord Ventral Body Cavity = Houses the thoracic and abdominal organs Thoracic Cavity = Encloses the lungs and heart Abdominal Cavity = Contains digestive organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

A group of organs working together for a specific purpose.

The highest level of structural organization in a living being.

The heart and blood vessels that circulate blood to deliver nutrients and oxygen.

The number of organ systems in the human body.

The level where atoms combine to form molecules.

The level of organization where cells are made up of molecules.

Similar cells grouped together form tissues.

Kidney function, bone growth, and heart beat are included.

Anatomy is the study of the body's structure, which directly influences how it functions (physiology).

Physiology is the study of how the body's parts work and interact to maintain life.

Understanding anatomy is crucial for understanding physiology because the structure of a body part determines what functions it can perform.

The lungs' thin air sac walls allow for gas exchange, while the heart's muscular chambers enable blood pumping.

Tissues consist of similar cells that work together for a common function.

An organ is made up of different tissues working together to perform a specific function.

Single-celled organisms are the simplest forms of life, while complex organisms have a hierarchy of structural levels.

The body is organized from atoms to molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and finally, the whole organism.

The study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts, focusing on their relationships.

The study of large, easily observable body structures, like the heart or bones.

The study of body structures that are too small to be seen without a microscope, such as cells and tissues.

The study of how the body and its parts work or function.

The different levels of complexity in the human body, starting from atoms and ending with complete organisms.

The simplest level of organization where atoms combine to form molecules.

The level where molecules combine to form cells, the basic unit of all living things.

A disruption in the body's internal balance, leading to disease or pathology.

Interactive online tools that help students learn and review concepts effectively, especially before class.

A technology that uses student devices during class for interactive assessments and group discussions.

Activities that help students understand the specific language used in anatomy and physiology.

A healthcare professional who assists pharmacists in dispensing medications and providing patient information.

A professional who converts voice recordings of medical professionals into written reports.

A healthcare professional who uses imaging equipment to take X-rays and other medical images.

A healthcare professional who helps patients recover from injuries or illnesses through physical exercises and treatments.

A suite of digital resources for A&P students, including practice tests, flashcards, a glossary, and Interactive Physiology 2.0.

An interactive program that provides a deeper understanding of complex physiological processes through tutorials, games, and quizzes.

A virtual anatomy study and practice tool that gives students access to lab specimens, including the human cadaver, anatomical models, histology, and more.

The digital version of the textbook that offers offline access, interactive features, and mobile compatibility.

A workbook designed to help students learn anatomy and physiology through coloring and labeling illustrations.

Real-life scenarios that test students' understanding of A&P concepts in practical applications.

High-quality 3-D animations that visualize key physiological processes, making it engaging and easier to understand.

Interactive activities that allow students to test their knowledge of anatomical structures by labeling diagrams.

Immune cells in the skin that act as sentries, detecting and responding to foreign invaders like bacteria or viruses.

RNA acts as DNA's 'molecular assistant', carrying instructions from DNA to make proteins.

ATP is the cell's energy currency, providing the energy needed for various cellular processes.

The bonds connecting the phosphate groups in ATP store a lot of energy, releasing it when broken.

Lysosomes are the cell's 'cellular stomachs', breaking down waste materials and cellular debris.

The most severe burn category, involving complete destruction of the skin, underlying tissues, muscles, and even bones.

Factors that determine if a burn is critical, including burns of the airway, circumferential burns (burning all the way around a body part), and burns on the genital area.

The structure of a body part determines its function; form fits function.

Movement of cells, like white blood cells, towards a chemical stimulus, like a bacterial infection.

A measure of how well the kidneys filter waste products from the blood.

Epinephrine, or adrenaline, is used to counter the effects of severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis).

A process where antibodies coat pathogens, making them easier for phagocytes to engulf and destroy.

After the first sperm enters an egg, the surface receptors on the egg are shed, preventing other sperm from entering.

A protein produced in the stomach lining that helps the body absorb vitamin B12.

A type of anemia caused by a lack of vitamin B12 due to the body not producing enough intrinsic factor.

A group of neurons in the medulla oblongata that control the rhythm of breathing.

A group of neurons in the medulla oblongata that control the force and depth of breathing.

Rapid, deep breathing that results in lower levels of carbon dioxide in the blood.

Increased breathing rate and depth caused by increased physical demands.

The lining of the abdominal cavity wall.

The lining that covers the organs within the abdominal cavity.

Anatomy studies the structure of the body, while physiology examines how those structures function. They are inseparable because the structure of a body part determines how it works.

The thin walls of lung air sacs allow for efficient gas exchange, facilitating the transfer of oxygen into the bloodstream and carbon dioxide out.

Tissues are groups of similar cells with a shared function. Their specific structure allows them to perform that function.

An organ is a structure composed of two or more tissue types that perform a specific function in the body.

The chemical level involves atoms combining to form molecules, the foundation of all living matter.

Cells are the basic unit of life. They are formed by the association of various molecules.

Tissues are groups of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function.

An organ system consists of multiple organs that work together to carry out a major bodily function.

This teaching approach helps learners understand anatomical and physiological concepts by focusing on what they are studying, how it functions, and its importance.

These interactive activities in MasteringA&P help students learn and master the essential terminology used in anatomy and physiology.

The textbook uses easy-to-understand language and familiar analogies to simplify complex concepts in anatomy and physiology.

The textbook includes high-quality photos and illustrations, many new and improved, to visually demonstrate concepts and processes.

These special links in the text connect previously learned concepts to new material, allowing students to build upon their knowledge

The textbook incorporates real-life examples from healthcare to illustrate concepts, inspiring students and preparing them for future healthcare careers.

Dr. Marieb uses analogies and personal stories to make challenging biological concepts easier to understand.

Dr. Marieb's nursing background influenced her desire to understand the connection between human biology and clinical practice.

Dr. Marieb's master's degree in gerontology shaped her unique perspective and made her publications accessible.

Dr. Marieb supports education financially through scholarships, science awards, and lab renovations.

Dr. Marieb actively contributes to her community through the Lions Club and sponsoring children in need.

Dr. Marieb is a member of the Human Anatomy and Physiology Society (HAPS) and the Iowa Academy of Science.

Dr. Marieb has served on advisory boards for Pearson projects and authored materials for their MasteringA&P program.

Dr. Marieb believes education empowers students to pursue their passions and express their values through their chosen careers.

Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles responsible for breaking down waste materials, cellular debris, and foreign invaders within cells.

The most severe type of burn where all layers of skin, as well as underlying tissues, muscles, and even bone are destroyed.

Burns that are considered critical include burns of the airway, circumferential burns (burning all the way around a body part), and burns to the genital area.

The principle of complementarity states that the structure of a body part determines its function. In other words, form fits function.

A dopamine imaging technique used to visualize the distribution of dopamine transporter proteins in the brain. It helps diagnose Parkinson's disease and other neurological disorders.

Bone-building cells that deposit new bone matrix, leading to bone growth and repair.

Large, multinucleated cells that break down bone tissue, enabling bone resorption and remodeling.

A small, fleshy mound at the medial corner of the eye that contains sweat and oil glands.

The blind spot of the eye where the optic nerve leaves the retina, lacking photoreceptors.

Taste buds located on the side of the tongue, contributing to taste perception.

A giant protein that acts as an elastic filament in a sarcomere, connecting myosin to the Z disc.

A progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects nerve cells controlling voluntary muscles, leading to weakness, paralysis, and ultimately death.

A synapse is the junction between two neurons, where communication occurs, while the synaptic cleft is the tiny space between them.

The capitulum is a rounded knob-like structure at the distal end of the humerus (upper arm bone) that articulates with the radius (forearm bone) to form the elbow joint.

A myelin sheath, like insulation on an electrical cord, prevents the loss of electrical signals travelling along a nerve fiber, ensuring efficient signal transmission.

In multiple sclerosis, the myelin sheath is damaged, causing the nerve signal to leak, slow down or even stop, leading to neurological problems.

The unipolar cell body is like a 'cul-de-sac' off the 'main road' (axon), where the nucleus and most of the cytoplasm are located.

Fontanels are soft spots in the skull of a baby, allowing the skull to be flexible during childbirth and brain growth.

The skulls of small children are like 'bobbleheads', with larger heads compared to their bodies, due to the ongoing brain growth and development.

Stroke is currently the fifth leading cause of death in the United States, impacting many lives and requiring significant healthcare resources.

The principle that the structure of a body part is directly related to and influences its function.

The body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes.

The most severe type of burn, destroying all layers of skin, underlying tissues, muscles, and even bone.

Nissl bodies are involved in the synthesis of proteins, particularly those needed for the maintenance and function of neurons. These proteins are crucial for neuronal growth, repair, and communication.

The sagittal suture is a fibrous joint that runs along the midline of the skull, connecting the two parietal bones. It allows for slight movement during childbirth and brain growth.

The coronal suture is a fibrous joint that connects the frontal bone to the two parietal bones of the skull. It allows for slight movement during brain growth.

A synapse is a junction between two neurons, where communication occurs. The synaptic cleft is the tiny, fluid-filled space between the neurons across which neurotransmitters travel.

The capitulum is a rounded knob-like structure at the distal end of the humerus that articulates with the radius to form the elbow joint. It allows for flexion and extension of the forearm.

The trochlea (humerus) and trochlear notch (ulna) form a curved 'tongue-in-groove' joint, allowing for flexion, extension, and some rotation of the forearm. This type of joint is like a hinge.

The myelin sheath is a fatty covering around nerve fibers that acts as insulation, preventing the loss of electrical signals. This ensures efficient signal transmission along the nerve.

Damage to the myelin sheath in multiple sclerosis causes the electrical signal to leak out, leading to a 'short circuit'. This can cause the signal to slow down, stop, or jump to an unmyelinated neuron, leading to neurological issues.

MasteringA&P is a suite of digital resources for anatomy and physiology students. It includes practice tests, flashcards, a glossary, access to Interactive Physiology 2.0, and other helpful tools.

Interactive Physiology 2.0 is a program that visually and interactively explains complex physiological concepts through tutorials, games, and quizzes.

Practice Anatomy Lab 3.0 is a virtual anatomy study and practice tool. It allows students to explore lab specimens, including the human cadaver, anatomical models, histology, and more.

eText 2.0 is the digital version of the textbook. It gives you offline access, interactive features, and mobile capabilities.

The Complementarity Principle states that the structure of a body part directly determines its function. Form fits function.

A DaTscan is a dopamine imaging technique that helps visualize the distribution of dopamine transporter proteins in the brain. It is used to diagnose Parkinson's disease and other neurological disorders.

Osteoblasts are bone-building cells. They deposit new bone matrix, leading to bone growth and repair.

Osteoclasts are large, multinucleated cells that break down bone tissue. They are involved in bone resorption and remodeling.

The principle that the structure of a body part determines its function. What a body part is built like dictates how it works.

DaTscans are used to diagnose Parkinson's disease and other neurological disorders by visualizing the distribution of dopamine transporter proteins in the brain.

Osteoblasts are bone-building cells that add new bone matrix, leading to bone growth and repair.

Systems that monitor and adjust conditions in the body to maintain homeostasis.

A feedback loop that reverses a change in a controlled condition.

A feedback loop that enhances or amplifies a change in a controlled condition.

The body's external covering, composed of skin, hair, and nails.

The framework of the body, composed of bones, cartilage, and joints.

The body's system of muscles that allow movement, maintain posture, and generate heat.

The body's control center, composed of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.

The body's system of glands that secrete hormones to regulate various functions.

The system of the heart and vessels that transports blood throughout the body.

The system that filters waste, maintains fluid balance, and defends the body against infections.

The system responsible for gas exchange, taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide.

The system that breaks down food into smaller molecules that the body can absorb.