Pediatric Airway Anatomy Quiz

A medical emergency in infants, often causing persistent projectile vomiting and requiring fluid and electrolyte balance correction.

A condition caused by persistent vomiting, leading to electrolyte imbalance and potentially life-threatening complications, especially in infants

An abnormal elevation of blood pH, often seen in patients with prolonged vomiting, potentially delaying emergence.

Prolonged recovery from anesthesia, sometimes due to altered CO2 response in patients with pre-operative alkalosis.

Long-term IV access devices, typically placed under fluoroscopy for frequent or long-term IV access.

Potential anesthetic concern; avoid hypothermia, hypercarbia (excess carbon dioxide), and dehydration to prevent sickling.

Anesthetic concerns for immunocompromised patients; special attention to family interaction and meticulous technique are crucial.

Brain cells that detect pH & alter breathing. Affected by metabolic alkalosis, slowing emergence.

Essential in sickle cell patients to detail medical history, including acute chest syndrome, blood transfusion history & current pain levels.

A possible complication, especially following alkalosis, increasing the risk of altered respiratory function following surgery.

Local anesthetic used to numb the area during a surgical procedure.

Preferred for surgical patients because they maintain serum balance and prevent fluid shifts.

Not for replacing fluid loss or blood loss; use cautiously to prevent hyperglycemia or hyperosmolality.

Catheter size (radius) affects fluid flow. Radius is the most affecting factor.

Flow rate is directly proportional to the radius to the fourth power; inversely proportional to length and fluid viscosity.

Always confirm with surgeon regarding ETT placement, particularly in ENT cases and surgeries involving the head and neck.

After taping the ETT, double-check breathing sounds to ensure correct placement and prevent mainstem intubation. Disconnect ETT from the circuit and hold it during any repositioning, including diaper changes.

Preferred PPV method in pediatrics is pressure-controlled ventilation (PCP) due to its gentler nature. Use physiologic PEEP of 4-5 cmH2O for high closing volumes.

Titrate oxygen down as soon as possible to minimize the risk of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Remember, O2 can be harmful to developing eyes.

Nitrous oxide is helpful during induction and emergence, providing analgesia for procedures. Use with caution due to its potential to accumulate in closed spaces, such as the ETT or LMA cuffs.

Before extubation, ensure all necessary emergency equipment is readily available. The patient should be either fully awake or deeply anesthetized, avoid extubation in between.

Awake extubation allows the patient to regain protective airway reflexes, protecting against aspiration. However, it can cause coughing and retching during emergence.

Deep extubation allows for a smoother emergence, reducing coughing and strain on surgical incisions. However, it increases the risk of airway compromise and aspiration.

Address airway obstruction by repositioning the head, performing a chin lift, inserting an oral/nasal airway, applying positive pressure, or adjusting anesthetic depth.

Signs include crowing, retractions, and difficulty moving air. Treatment involves positive pressure, jaw thrust, and potentially succinylcholine.