31 Questions
What is the main purpose of physiological mechanisms?
Maintaining homeostasis
How is anatomy defined?
The study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts
What is the study of physiology concerned with?
Normal function and mechanisms
What is homeostasis?
Constancy of the internal environment
How is homeostasis often maintained?
By opposing effectors that move conditions in opposite directions
What does deviation from homeostasis indicate?
Disease
How is homeostasis usually accomplished?
By negative feedback loops
What detects deviation from 37ºC in the body?
Sensors in the brain
How does positive feedback contribute to many negative feedback loops?
By amplifying the changes that stimulated the effectors
What does the extracellular environment include?
Protein fibers of collagen and elastin
What are antagonistic effectors?
Effectors that oppose each other to maintain dynamic constancy
In intrinsic regulation, how do cells within the organ respond to a change?
By signaling to neighboring cells to respond appropriately
What is an example of a process involving positive feedback?
Blood vessel repair clotting process
What is an integrating center's role in homeostasis?
To detect change and assess it around a set point
What is the role of effectors in maintaining homeostasis?
To make adjustments to counter changes from the set point
What happens once the body is cool in the regulation of body temperature through negative feedback loops?
Sweat glands are stimulated to cool the body
What is the main function of neurons in the nervous system?
Conducting electrochemical impulses
Which part of the neuron conducts action potentials away from the cell body?
Axon
Why are brain tumors in adults usually composed of glial cells rather than neurons?
Glial cells can divide by mitosis
What is the role of dendrites in a neuron?
Receiving impulses and conducting a graded impulse toward the cell body
Which type of cells support the neurons and can divide but cannot conduct impulses?
Glial cells (neuroglia)
What is the composition of the central nervous system (CNS)?
Brain and spinal cord
Which type of neuron conducts impulses from sensory receptors to the CNS?
Sensory neuron
What is the main function of autonomic motor neurons?
Innervate involuntary targets like smooth muscle and glands
What type of neurons are located completely within the CNS and integrate functions of the nervous system?
Interneurons
Which cells form myelin sheaths around the axons of CNS neurons?
Oligodendrocytes
What are bundles of axons located outside the CNS called?
Mixed nerves
Which type of neuron has several dendrites and one axon, making it the most common type?
Multipolar neuron
What is the role of microglia in the CNS?
Migrate around CNS tissue and phagocytize foreign and degenerated material
What is the name for the bundles of axons in the CNS?
Tracts
What type of neurons have single short processes that branch like a T to form 2 longer processes?
Pseudounipolar neurons
Test your knowledge of the fundamentals of anatomy and physiology with this quiz. Explore the basic concepts of anatomy, physiology, and their close relationship in understanding the human body.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
