Anatomy and Physiology Fundamentals Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the main purpose of physiological mechanisms?

  • Studying the structure of the body
  • Exploring the shape of body parts
  • Maintaining homeostasis (correct)
  • Understanding the biological functions

    • How is anatomy defined?

  • The concern with the normal function
  • The explanation of cause-and-effect sequences
  • The study of biological functions
  • The study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts (correct)

    • What is the study of physiology concerned with?

  • Understanding underlying anatomy
  • Scientific experiments
  • Normal function and mechanisms (correct)
  • Structure and shape of body parts

    • What is homeostasis?

    <p>Constancy of the internal environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is homeostasis often maintained?

    <p>By opposing effectors that move conditions in opposite directions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does deviation from homeostasis indicate?

    <p>Disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is homeostasis usually accomplished?

    <p>By negative feedback loops</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What detects deviation from 37ºC in the body?

    <p>Sensors in the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does positive feedback contribute to many negative feedback loops?

    <p>By amplifying the changes that stimulated the effectors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the extracellular environment include?

    <p>Protein fibers of collagen and elastin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are antagonistic effectors?

    <p>Effectors that oppose each other to maintain dynamic constancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In intrinsic regulation, how do cells within the organ respond to a change?

    <p>By signaling to neighboring cells to respond appropriately</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a process involving positive feedback?

    <p>Blood vessel repair clotting process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an integrating center's role in homeostasis?

    <p>To detect change and assess it around a set point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of effectors in maintaining homeostasis?

    <p>To make adjustments to counter changes from the set point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens once the body is cool in the regulation of body temperature through negative feedback loops?

    <p>Sweat glands are stimulated to cool the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of neurons in the nervous system?

    <p>Conducting electrochemical impulses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the neuron conducts action potentials away from the cell body?

    <p>Axon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are brain tumors in adults usually composed of glial cells rather than neurons?

    <p>Glial cells can divide by mitosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of dendrites in a neuron?

    <p>Receiving impulses and conducting a graded impulse toward the cell body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells support the neurons and can divide but cannot conduct impulses?

    <p>Glial cells (neuroglia)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of the central nervous system (CNS)?

    <p>Brain and spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neuron conducts impulses from sensory receptors to the CNS?

    <p>Sensory neuron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of autonomic motor neurons?

    <p>Innervate involuntary targets like smooth muscle and glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of neurons are located completely within the CNS and integrate functions of the nervous system?

    <p>Interneurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells form myelin sheaths around the axons of CNS neurons?

    <p>Oligodendrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are bundles of axons located outside the CNS called?

    <p>Mixed nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neuron has several dendrites and one axon, making it the most common type?

    <p>Multipolar neuron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of microglia in the CNS?

    <p>Migrate around CNS tissue and phagocytize foreign and degenerated material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name for the bundles of axons in the CNS?

    <p>Tracts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of neurons have single short processes that branch like a T to form 2 longer processes?

    <p>Pseudounipolar neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

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