Anatomy and Physiology Fundamentals Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the main purpose of physiological mechanisms?

  • Studying the structure of the body
  • Exploring the shape of body parts
  • Maintaining homeostasis (correct)
  • Understanding the biological functions

How is anatomy defined?

  • The concern with the normal function
  • The explanation of cause-and-effect sequences
  • The study of biological functions
  • The study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts (correct)

What is the study of physiology concerned with?

  • Understanding underlying anatomy
  • Scientific experiments
  • Normal function and mechanisms (correct)
  • Structure and shape of body parts

What is homeostasis?

<p>Constancy of the internal environment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is homeostasis often maintained?

<p>By opposing effectors that move conditions in opposite directions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does deviation from homeostasis indicate?

<p>Disease (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is homeostasis usually accomplished?

<p>By negative feedback loops (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What detects deviation from 37ºC in the body?

<p>Sensors in the brain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does positive feedback contribute to many negative feedback loops?

<p>By amplifying the changes that stimulated the effectors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the extracellular environment include?

<p>Protein fibers of collagen and elastin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are antagonistic effectors?

<p>Effectors that oppose each other to maintain dynamic constancy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In intrinsic regulation, how do cells within the organ respond to a change?

<p>By signaling to neighboring cells to respond appropriately (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a process involving positive feedback?

<p>Blood vessel repair clotting process (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an integrating center's role in homeostasis?

<p>To detect change and assess it around a set point (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of effectors in maintaining homeostasis?

<p>To make adjustments to counter changes from the set point (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens once the body is cool in the regulation of body temperature through negative feedback loops?

<p>Sweat glands are stimulated to cool the body (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of neurons in the nervous system?

<p>Conducting electrochemical impulses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the neuron conducts action potentials away from the cell body?

<p>Axon (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are brain tumors in adults usually composed of glial cells rather than neurons?

<p>Glial cells can divide by mitosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of dendrites in a neuron?

<p>Receiving impulses and conducting a graded impulse toward the cell body (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells support the neurons and can divide but cannot conduct impulses?

<p>Glial cells (neuroglia) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of the central nervous system (CNS)?

<p>Brain and spinal cord (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of neuron conducts impulses from sensory receptors to the CNS?

<p>Sensory neuron (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of autonomic motor neurons?

<p>Innervate involuntary targets like smooth muscle and glands (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of neurons are located completely within the CNS and integrate functions of the nervous system?

<p>Interneurons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells form myelin sheaths around the axons of CNS neurons?

<p>Oligodendrocytes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are bundles of axons located outside the CNS called?

<p>Mixed nerves (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of neuron has several dendrites and one axon, making it the most common type?

<p>Multipolar neuron (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of microglia in the CNS?

<p>Migrate around CNS tissue and phagocytize foreign and degenerated material (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name for the bundles of axons in the CNS?

<p>Tracts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of neurons have single short processes that branch like a T to form 2 longer processes?

<p>Pseudounipolar neurons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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