Questions and Answers
What is the tissue type of mucous?
Epithelial sheet with underlying connective tissue (lamina propria)
What are the common locations for serous tissue?
Lines internal ventral body cavities and covers their organs
What is the common location for cutaneous tissue?
Skin
What is the main function of synovial tissue?
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What is another term for cutaneous membrane?
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What do mucosae line?
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What is the inner lining of the lungs called?
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What does the outer lining of the lungs refer to?
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What does the term visceral pericardium refer to?
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What is the outer lining of the heart known as?
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What are the functions of epidrenal dendritic cells and macrophages?
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A sunburn impairs the body's ability to defend itself by depressing macrophage activity. What does this describe?
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How do sweat glands help maintain body temperature homeostasis?
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The cutaneous sensory receptors that reside in the skin are actually part of the _______ system.
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Four types of stimuli detected by cutaneous receptors are _______, _______, _______, and _______.
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Vitamin D is synthesized when modified _______ molecules in the skin are irradiated by _______ light.
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Vitamin D is important in the absorption and metabolism of _______ ions.
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A saltwater solution is secreted by sebaceous glands.
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The most abundant protein in dead epidermal structures such as hair and nails is melanin.
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Sebum is the only mixture of lipids, cholesterol, and cell fragments.
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The externally observable part of a hair is called the root.
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The epidermis provides mechanical strength to the skin.
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What is the scientific term for baldness?
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What is a blackhead?
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What are tiny muscles attached to hair follicles that pull the hair upright?
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What is the most numerous variety of perspiration gland?
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What component found within red blood cells is responsible for oxygen transport?
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What is a bluish cast of the skin resulting from inadequate oxygenation of the blood called?
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What vitamin is manufactured in the skin?
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What causes the wrinkling of the skin?
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What results when skin cells are deprived of oxygen?
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What is the importance of the 'rule of nines' in treatment for burn patients?
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What are the two main types of skin cancers observed?
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What cancer is considered rare but often deadly, originating from pigment-producing cells?
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Study Notes
Mucous Membrane
- Epithelial sheet with connective tissue (lamina propria)
- Common in respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive tracts
- Functions for absorption and secretion
Serous Membrane
- Composed of epithelial tissue
- Lines internal ventral body cavities and covers organs
- Facilitates friction-less movement
Cutaneous Membrane
- Refers to the skin surrounding the body
- Provides protection against external insults and water loss
Synovial Membrane
- A connective tissue type
- Lines joints and keeps them lubricated
Skin and Membrane Structures
- Mucosae lines respiratory, digestive, reproductive, and urinary tracts
- Visceral pleura: inner lung lining
- Parietal pleura: outer lung lining
- Visceral pericardium: inner heart lining
- Parietal pericardium: outer heart lining
- Synovial membrane: lubricates joints
Skin Functionality
- Epidermal dendritic cells and macrophages form biological barriers
- Intact epidermis serves as a mechanical barrier
- Bactericidal secretions act as a chemical barrier
- Keratin provides both chemical and mechanical barriers
- Melanin serves as a chemical barrier, providing some sun protection
- Acid mantle is part of the chemical barrier system
Effects of Sunburn
- Mild sunburn depresses macrophage activity, hindering the immune response
Body Temperature Regulation
- Sweating cools the body by evaporation, transferring heat away from the surface
- Sweat gland activity is regulated to maintain homeostasis
Cutaneous Sensory Receptors
- Part of the nervous system
- Detect temperature, pain, touch, and pressure
- Vitamin D is synthesized through UV light interaction with cholesterol.
Epidermis and Dermis Layers
- Superficial epidermal cells die due to distance from nutrient supply and keratinization
- Stratum lucidum: translucent cells with keratin
- Stratum corneum: contains mostly dead cells, also responsible for fingerprints (papillary layer)
- Stratum basale: rapid cell division occurs here
Skin Color and Composition
- Melanin is responsible for skin color, more prevalent in dark-skinned individuals
- Carotene gives an orange tint, found in stratum corneum
- Hemoglobin in red blood cells influences skin color in Caucasians
Skin Health Factors
- Loss of elasticity leads to wrinkling
- Debilitating ulcers result from inadequate oxygen (blood flow)
- Cyanosis indicates inadequate blood oxygenation
Sweat and Sebaceous Glands
- Sweat glands are essential for thermoregulation
- Sebaceous glands produce oily substances, including sebum
- Blackheads form due to material accumulation from sebaceous glands
Hair Structure
- Hair consists of cuticle, cortex, and medulla
- Arrector pili muscles contract causing hair to stand
- Hair follicles are formed by both epithelial and connective tissues
Burn Classification
- 1st degree: epidermal damage, redness, brief pain
- 2nd degree: includes blisters, pain, potential for regeneration
- 3rd degree: skin is blanched, involves deeper damage, regeneration is not possible without grafting
Importance of Burn Assessment
- "Rule of nines" helps estimate burned body surface area for accurate fluid replacement calculations
Skin Cancer Types
- Squamous cell carcinoma: lesions develop from atypical cells not contacting the basement membrane
- Basal cell carcinoma: invasion of dermis and hypodermis occurs
- Malignant melanoma: rare and deadly cancer of pigment-producing cells
Studying That Suits You
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Description
Test your knowledge on the skin and body membranes with these flashcards from Chapter 4 of the Anatomy and Physiology coloring workbook. Each card covers definitions, functions, and locations of key tissue types such as mucous and serous. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of this essential topic.
