Anatomy and Physiology Basics

Questions and Answers

What does physiology primarily focus on?

The structure of body parts

The study of disease processes

The function of body systems or organs (correct)

The examination of patient symptoms

What is the primary difference between a sign and a symptom?

Signs are observable changes, while symptoms are perceived changes by the patient. (correct)

Symptoms are measurable conditions, while signs are subjective complaints.

Signs are only related to physical examination, symptoms are always related to medical history.

Symptoms are observable physical changes, while signs are non-observable patient complaints.

Which term indicates a structure that is farther from the surface?

Superior

Superficial

Deep (correct)

In anatomical terms, how would you describe the location of the heart relative to the stomach?

Superior Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following abbreviations stands for the chief complaint a patient presents with?

CC Signup and view all the answers

What does contralateral refer to in anatomical terminology?

Opposite sides of the body Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes structures that are closer to the core of the body?

Proximal Signup and view all the answers

Which acronym represents the review of systems in a patient's assessment?

ROS Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Anatomy and Physiology

Anatomy: Study of the body's structure and parts.
Physiology: Study of the functions of the whole body, systems, or organs.

Pathology

Pathology: Study of diseases affecting structure and function.
A disease involves harmful changes in body structure or function.
Diagnosis: Process of identifying a condition by a healthcare provider.
Symptoms: Changes perceived by the patient (e.g., pain, cramps, headache).
Signs: Changes observed by a physician (e.g., swelling, fever, vision loss).

Diagnostic Abbreviations and Acronyms

CT: Computed Tomography.
MRI: Magnetic Resonance Imaging.
H&P: Historical and Physical examination.
- History (H): Verbal recount of symptoms by the patient.
- Physical (P): Actual physical examination by the healthcare provider.

Acronyms in History and Physical

CC: Chief Complaint - reason for patient visit.
HPI: History of Present Illness.
ROS: Review of Systems - complete and systemic review of body organs/systems.
PFSH: Personal, Family, and Social History - context for the patient's present illness.

Directional Terms

Posterior: Toward the back (e.g., calf is posterior to the shin).
Anterior: Toward the front (e.g., shin is anterior to the calf).
Superior: Higher or toward the head (e.g., heart is superior to the stomach).
Inferior: Lower or toward the feet (e.g., stomach is inferior to the heart).

Surface and Depth Terms

Superficial: Closer to the body surface (e.g., skin).
Deep: Farther from the body surface (e.g., tissues beneath the skin).

Side Reference Terms

Contralateral: Opposite sides of the body (e.g., right ear healthy; contralateral left ear inflamed).
Ipsilateral: Same side of the body (e.g., inflamed right eye and ipsilateral eyelid).

Relationship Reference Terms

Distal: Farthest from the core (e.g., feet are distal to the trunk).
Proximal: Closest to the core (e.g., arms are proximal to the trunk).
Lateral: Toward the side of the midline (e.g., arms are lateral to the heart).
Medial: Toward the midline (e.g., heart is medial to the arms).

Description

This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of anatomy, physiology, and pathology. It explores the structure and function of the body as well as the characteristics of diseases and their impacts. Test your understanding of key terms and definitions in the field of healthcare.