Anatomical and Musculoskeletal Terminology Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following terms describes the front half of the body, or 'in front of' when describing a body part?

  • Inferior
  • Superior
  • Anterior (correct)
  • Posterior

Which of the following terms describes the back half of the body, or 'behind' a body part?

  • Inferior
  • Posterior (correct)
  • Anterior
  • Superior

Which of the following terms describes upward surfaces?

  • Lateral
  • Superior (correct)
  • Medial
  • Inferior

Which of the following terms describes movement towards the midline or towards the median plane?

<p>Medial (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following terms describes movement away from the midline or away from the median plane?

<p>Lateral (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following terms describes movement towards the point of attachment of the limb to the body?

<p>Proximal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following terms describes movement further away from the point of attachment of the limb to the body?

<p>Distal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three anatomical planes?

<p>Sagittal, Frontal, Transverse</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two movements involved in flexion/extension?

<p>Flexion and Extension</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two movements involved in abduction/adduction?

<p>Abduction and Adduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two movements involved in internal rotation/external rotation?

<p>Internal Rotation and External Rotation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which movement describes circular motion?

<p>Circumduction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two movements involved in supination/pronation?

<p>Supination and Pronation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two movements involved in protraction/retraction?

<p>Protraction and Retraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Anterior

The front half of the body, or "in front of" when describing a specific region.

Posterior

The back half of the body, or "behind" when describing a specific region.

Superior

Refers to upward surfaces of the body.

Inferior

Refers to downward surfaces of the body.

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Medial

Towards the midline of the body, the imaginary line that divides the body into left and right halves.

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Lateral

Away from the midline of the body, towards the sides.

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Proximal

Towards the point of attachment of a limb to the body.

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Distal

Further away from the point of attachment of a limb to the body.

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Sagittal Plane

An imaginary vertical plane that divides the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior) halves.

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Transverse Plane

An imaginary horizontal plane that divides the body into top (superior) and bottom (inferior) halves.

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Frontal Plane

An imaginary plane that divides the body into left and right halves.

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Flexion

Decreasing the angle between two bones.

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Extension

Increasing the angle between two bones.

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Abduction

Moving a limb away from the midline of the body.

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Adduction

Moving a limb towards the midline of the body.

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Internal Rotation

Rotating a limb inwards towards the midline.

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External Rotation

Rotating a limb outwards away from the midline.

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Circumduction

Circular motion of a limb.

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Supination

Medial rotation of the hand and forearm, turning your palm upwards.

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Pronation

Lateral rotation of the hand and forearm, turning your palm downwards.

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Protraction

Moving a body part forward in a anterior direction.

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Retraction

Moving a body part backward in a posterior direction.

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Dorsiflexion

Bending your ankle to bring the top of your foot closer to your shin.

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Plantar Flexion

Pointing your toes downwards.

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Inversion

Raising the medial border of the foot so that the sole of the foot is turned inwards.

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Eversion

Raising the lateral border of the foot so the sole of the foot is turned outwards.

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Framework

Bones provide a framework for the body.

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Storehouse for Essential Nutrients

Bones store minerals, like calcium and phosphorus, which can be used when needed.

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Protection

Bones protect vital organs, like the heart and lungs.

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Blood-cell Formation

Red blood cells are produced in the bone marrow.

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Long Bones

Long bones have a central cavity filled with marrow. Examples include the femur, tibia, and humerus.

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Short Bones

Short bones are small and cube-shaped without marrow activity. Examples include the carpals and tarsals.

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Flat Bones

Flat bones are thin and flat with no marrow cavity. Examples include the skull and ribs.

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Irregular Bones

Irregular bones have unique shapes and no marrow cavity. Examples include the vertebrae and facial bones.

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Sesamoid Bones

Small, flat bones embedded within tendons. An example is the patella (kneecap).

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Wormian Bones

Small, irregular bone fragments found in the skull.

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Study Notes

Anatomical Position

  • Understand directional terms (anterior, posterior, superior, inferior, medial, lateral, proximal, distal) for describing body parts and positions.
  • Know how to use these terms to describe the location and relationships of body parts relative to each other.
  • Be able to describe movements (Flexion/Extension, Abduction/Adduction, Internal/External Rotation, Circumduction, Supination/Pronation, Protraction/Retraction, Dorsiflexion/Plantar Flexion, Inversion/Eversion).

Skeletal System

  • The skeleton's five main roles: protection, framework, attachments for muscles, storehouse of nutrients, Blood cell formation.
  • Know the six types of bones (long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid, wormian): and examples of each.

Musculoskeletal System

  • Three types of muscle tissue (skeletal, cardiac, smooth) and their characteristics (voluntary/involuntary, striated/non-striated).
  • Three types of muscle contractions (concentric, eccentric, isometric) and their applications in exercise.
  • Four types of bone fractures (stress, simple, compound, comminuted).
  • Bone formation and remodelling processes.
  • Factors and Preventative measures for Osteoporosis.

Joint Mechanics

  • Three types of joints(fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial) their characteristics, and examples of each.
  • Six types of synovial joints and examples.
  • The distinction between strain and sprain.

Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems

  • The functions of Arteries, Arterioles, Capillaries and Veins.
  • How blood returns to the heart(skeletal muscle pump, thoracic pump, nervous system).
  • The heart's electrical conduction system (depolarization, repolarization, diastole, systole).
  • The heart's cycle (P wave, QRS complex, and T wave).
  • Cardiac output

Energy systems

  • Energy systems (Anaerobic Alactic, Anaerobic Lactic, Aerobic) table.
  • Cellular respiration pathways and ATP production.
  • Fast and Slow twitch muscle fiber functions.

Nutrition

  • Macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, fats) and micronutrients (vitamins, minerals).
  • Resting metabolic rate (RMR) calculation.
  • Body mass index (BMI) calculation and limitations.
  • Biomechanics: Static Vs Dynamic systems, kinematics and kinetics

Motor Learning

  • Fitts and Posner's three stages of learning.
  • Stages of Skill (cognitive, associative, autonomous).

Human Growth and Development

  • Types of human morphology (body types)
  • Stages of human growth and development (physical, cognitive, social-emotional).
  • Piaget's stages of cognitive development.

Psychology of Sport

  • Types of motivation.
  • Reward's impact on motivation.
  • Sources of self efficacy.
  • Two moderating variables that affect
  • Types of achievement goal orientation.

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Description

Test your knowledge on anatomical positions, directional terms, and the skeletal system. This quiz covers the roles of the skeleton, types of bones, and types of muscle tissues and contractions. Perfect for students studying anatomy and physiology.

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