Skeletal Anatomy Terminology

Skeletal Anatomy

• A tuberosity is a large bump on a bone.
• A tubercle is a small bump on a bone.

Types of Joints

• Fibrous joints are synarthrotic, meaning they are immovable.
• Cartilaginous joints are amphiarthrotic, meaning they are slightly movable.
• Synovial joints are diarthrotic, meaning they are movable.

Divisions of the Skeleton

• The axial skeleton consists of the bones in the spine and skull, which form the central axis of the body.
• The appendicular skeleton consists of the bones of the limbs.

Anatomical Movements

• Depression refers to the downward movement of a bone or body part.
• Elevation refers to the upward movement of a bone or body part.

Muscle Characteristics

• Pennate muscles have shorter fibers that run in an oblique line to attach to the central tendon.

Muscle Coordination

• Reciprocal inhibition is a reflex mechanism that coordinates effort between agonist and antagonist muscles.

Tendon Injuries

• Tendonitis involves acute injuries with inflammation, edema, and pain.
• Tendonosis results from overuse, causing chronic strain and pain.

Tissue Changes

• Atrophy is a decrease in size of a tissue or organ due to cellular shrinkage.
• Hypertrophy is an excessive development of an organ or part.