Analysis of Urine & Bodily Fluids: Glomerular Disorders
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary characteristic of Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)?

  • It affects only certain areas of glomeruli (correct)
  • It affects all glomeruli uniformly
  • It is a disorder of collagen production
  • It affects the proximal convoluted tubules
  • Which of the following is NOT a common cause or association of FSGS?

  • Alport Syndrome (correct)
  • HIV and hepatitis viruses
  • Abuse of heroin and analgesics
  • Exposure to heavy metals
  • What is a common finding on urinalysis in patients with FSGS?

  • Glycosuria with normal blood glucose
  • Low urinary pH due to bicarbonate reabsorption failure
  • Moderate to heavy proteinuria and microscopic hematuria (correct)
  • Presence of renal tubular epithelial cell casts
  • What is the characteristic finding in Fanconi Syndrome?

    <p>Generalized failure of tubular reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the primary disorder associated with damage to renal tubules?

    <p>Acute Tubular Necrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic finding in Alport Syndrome?

    <p>Macroscopic hematuria in males</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of glomerulonephritis characterized by the deposition of immune complexes containing IgA on the glomerular membrane?

    <p>Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which glomerulonephritis condition presents with an episode of macroscopic hematuria after an infection or strenuous exercise?

    <p>Membranous Glomerulonephritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which glomerulonephritis condition is associated with a perinuclear pattern (p-ANCA) on ANCA testing due to ethanol fixation?

    <p>Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is primarily seen in children after upper respiratory infections and involves symptoms like raised, red patches on the skin?

    <p>Henoch-Schönlein Purpura</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which glomerulonephritis condition leads to significant thickening of the glomerular basement membrane due to the deposition of immunoglobulin G immune complexes?

    <p>Membranous Glomerulonephritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in patients with Berger disease over time?

    <p>Chronic Glomerulonephritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which glomerulonephritis condition is most common in children, presenting with edema, heavy proteinuria, transient hematuria, and normal BUN and creatinine levels?

    <p>Minimal Change Disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is characterized by massive proteinuria, low serum albumin, high serum lipids, and edema due to damage to the glomerular membrane?

    <p>Nephrotic syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What risk is associated with Minimal Change Disease in terms of lipid production and fluid retention?

    <p>Decreased oncotic pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which glomerulonephritis condition involves elevated serum levels of IgA typically resulting from a mucosal infection?

    <p>Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of glomerular disorders?

    <p>Immune complexes deposit on the glomerular membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis?

    <p>Immune complexes formed with streptococcal antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary feature of Goodpasture syndrome?

    <p>Autoantibodies against glomerular and alveolar basement membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common urinalysis finding in acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis?

    <p>Presence of RBC casts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common finding in rapidly progressive (crescentic) glomerulonephritis?

    <p>Increased fibrin degradation products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibody is significant in the diagnosis of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA)?

    <p>Anti-neutrophilic cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common cause of nonimmunologic glomerular damage?

    <p>Exposure to chemicals and toxins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of rapidly progressive (crescentic) glomerulonephritis?

    <p>Rapid onset and progression to renal failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis?

    <p>Edema, particularly around the eyes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential complication of Goodpasture syndrome?

    <p>Chronic glomerulonephritis and end-stage renal failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

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