Anaemia: Presenting Problems in Blood Disease
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary factor that affects the level of haemoglobin in the blood?

  • Dietary history
  • Pregnancy
  • Altitude
  • Age and sex (correct)
  • What is the underlying cause of symptoms in anaemia?

  • Malabsorption of vitamin B12
  • Elevated haemoglobin levels
  • Diminished oxygen supply to the tissues (correct)
  • Increased iron intake
  • Which of the following is a sign of anaemia?

  • High blood pressure
  • Fever
  • Mucous membrane pallor (correct)
  • Tiredness
  • What is the most common type of anaemia worldwide?

    <p>Iron deficiency anaemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important aspect of the clinical assessment of anaemia?

    <p>Gauging the severity and defining the underlying cause</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a relevant aspect of the past medical history in anaemia?

    <p>Previous surgeries, such as stomach or small bowel resection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible cause of anaemia in patients with rheumatoid arthritis?

    <p>Disease associated with anaemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible effect of NSAIDs on the body?

    <p>Blood loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Anaemia

    • Anaemia is defined as a haemoglobin (Hb) level below the reference range for age and sex.
    • Other factors, such as pregnancy and altitude, can affect Hb levels.
    • Clinical features of anaemia result from diminished oxygen supply to the tissues.
    • Symptoms are more severe if the onset is rapid or if there is coexisting cardiorespiratory disease.
    • Non-specific symptoms and signs include:
      • Tiredness
      • Lightheadedness
      • Breathlessness
      • Worsening of coexisting disease (e.g. angina)
      • Mucous membrane pallor
      • Tachypnoea
      • Raised JVP
      • Flow murmurs
      • Ankle oedema
      • Postural hypotension
      • Tachycardia

    Clinical Assessment of Anaemia

    • Iron deficiency anaemia is the most common type of anaemia worldwide.
    • Assess for symptoms indicating GI blood loss and menorrhagia in females.
    • Dietary history should assess intake of iron and folate, which may be deficient in:
      • Pregnancy
      • Rapid growth
    • Past medical history may reveal disease associated with anaemia (e.g. rheumatoid arthritis) or previous surgery (e.g. stomach or small bowel resection).
    • Family history may be relevant in haemolytic anaemias and pernicious anaemia.
    • Drug history may indicate blood loss (e.g. NSAIDs) or haemolysis or aplasia.

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    Description

    Learn about anaemia, a blood disorder characterized by low haemoglobin levels, and its clinical features and symptoms. Factors affecting haemoglobin levels and the impact of anaemia on the body are also covered.

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