29 Questions
What is the primary objective of assessing anemia?
To classify and explain anemia
What are the normal values of blood indices used for?
Calculating the severity of anemia
What is polycythemia?
A blood disorder characterized by an increase in red blood cells
What is the main difference between anemia and polycythemia?
Anemia is characterized by a decrease in red blood cells, while polycythemia is characterized by an increase
What is the primary focus of differentiating between types of anemia?
Identifying the causes of anemia
What type of anemia is characterized by normal size and color of red blood cells?
Normocytic anemia
Which of the following is a potential risk of excessive X-ray usage?
Cancer
What is a common association with normochromic anemia?
Cancer
Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of anemia?
X-ray usage
What is the term for anemia characterized by normal red blood cell size and color?
Normocytic anemia
What is a characteristic of microcytic anemia?
Smaller than normal RBCs
What is a cause of normocytic normochromic anemia?
Acute blood loss
What is a characteristic of hypochromic anemia?
RBCs with less hemoglobin than normal
What is a cause of megaloblastic anemia?
Folic acid deficiency
What is a characteristic of erythroblastosis fetalis?
Enzymatic defect
What is a characteristic of hypersegmented RBCs?
Large RBCs
Which of the following diseases is associated with hookworms?
Bilharziasis
What is chloramphenicol commonly associated with?
Antibiotic therapy
Which of the following is a possible cause of peptic ulcer?
Helicobacter pylori infection
What is the relationship between Bilharziasis and hookworms?
Both are types of parasitic infections
Which of the following is NOT a type of disease caused by parasites?
Peptic ulcer
What is the major cause of anemia leading to breathlessness and racing heart?
Iron deficiency
Which type of anemia is characterized by pale skin?
Microcytic hypochromic anemia
What is a common symptom of iron deficiency anemia?
Fatigue and weakness
Which of the following is NOT a type of anemia?
Malignant anemia
What is the term for anemia characterized by small, pale red blood cells?
Hypochromic anemia
What is the major cause of anemia leading to fatigue, weakness, and tiring easily?
Iron deficiency
Which type of anemia is characterized by normal-sized red blood cells?
Normocytic normochromic anemia
What is the term for anemia characterized by large, red blood cells?
Macrocytic anemia
Study Notes
Anemia
- Anemia is a condition characterized by decreased Hb content, RBCs count, and PCV (HCT value)
- Types of anemia:
- Microcytic hypochromic: smaller size, less hemoglobin
- Normocytic normochromic: normal Hb content, normal RBCs size
- Megaloblastic or macrocytic: hypersegmented RBCs
- Causes of anemia:
- Microcytic hypochromic: iron deficiency, Bilharziasis, hookworms, peptic ulcer, cancer
- Normocytic normochromic: acute blood loss, Erythroblastosis fetalis, enzymatic defect (G6PD deficiency)
- Megaloblastic or macrocytic: folic acid (folate) or vitamin B12 deficiency
- Symptoms of anemia:
- Breathlessness
- Racing heart or palpitations
- Fatigue
- Weakness
- Tiring easily
- Pale skin
Polycythemia
- Polycythemia is a condition characterized by excessive RBCs
- Physiological consequences of polycythemia:
- Increased blood viscosity
- Increased risk of blood clots
- Causes of polycythemia:
- Unclear, but may be related to excessive X-ray usage, cancer, and chloramphenicol use
Learn about the different types of anemia, including microcytic hypochromic, normocytic normochromic, and megaloblastic or macrocytic, and their causes.
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