Anemia Types and Causes

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary objective of assessing anemia?

To classify and explain anemia (correct)

To calculate blood indices

To diagnose polycythemia

To recognize the causes of anemia

What are the normal values of blood indices used for?

Assessing the effectiveness of treatment

Calculating the severity of anemia (correct)

Differentiating between types of anemia

Diagnosing polycythemia

What is polycythemia?

A type of anemia

A symptoms of anemia

A blood disorder characterized by an increase in red blood cells (correct)

A cause of anemia

What is the main difference between anemia and polycythemia?

Anemia is characterized by a decrease in red blood cells, while polycythemia is characterized by an increase Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of differentiating between types of anemia?

Identifying the causes of anemia Signup and view all the answers

What type of anemia is characterized by normal size and color of red blood cells?

Normocytic anemia Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential risk of excessive X-ray usage?

Cancer Signup and view all the answers

What is a common association with normochromic anemia?

Cancer Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of anemia?

X-ray usage Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for anemia characterized by normal red blood cell size and color?

Normocytic anemia Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of microcytic anemia?

Smaller than normal RBCs Signup and view all the answers

What is a cause of normocytic normochromic anemia?

Acute blood loss Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of hypochromic anemia?

RBCs with less hemoglobin than normal Signup and view all the answers

What is a cause of megaloblastic anemia?

Folic acid deficiency Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of erythroblastosis fetalis?

Enzymatic defect Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of hypersegmented RBCs?

Large RBCs Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following diseases is associated with hookworms?

Bilharziasis Signup and view all the answers

What is chloramphenicol commonly associated with?

Antibiotic therapy Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a possible cause of peptic ulcer?

Helicobacter pylori infection Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between Bilharziasis and hookworms?

Both are types of parasitic infections Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of disease caused by parasites?

Peptic ulcer Signup and view all the answers

What is the major cause of anemia leading to breathlessness and racing heart?

Iron deficiency Signup and view all the answers

Which type of anemia is characterized by pale skin?

Microcytic hypochromic anemia Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of iron deficiency anemia?

Fatigue and weakness Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of anemia?

Malignant anemia Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for anemia characterized by small, pale red blood cells?

Hypochromic anemia Signup and view all the answers

What is the major cause of anemia leading to fatigue, weakness, and tiring easily?

Iron deficiency Signup and view all the answers

Which type of anemia is characterized by normal-sized red blood cells?

Normocytic normochromic anemia Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for anemia characterized by large, red blood cells?

Macrocytic anemia Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Anemia

Anemia is a condition characterized by decreased Hb content, RBCs count, and PCV (HCT value)
Types of anemia:
- Microcytic hypochromic: smaller size, less hemoglobin
- Normocytic normochromic: normal Hb content, normal RBCs size
- Megaloblastic or macrocytic: hypersegmented RBCs
Causes of anemia:
- Microcytic hypochromic: iron deficiency, Bilharziasis, hookworms, peptic ulcer, cancer
- Normocytic normochromic: acute blood loss, Erythroblastosis fetalis, enzymatic defect (G6PD deficiency)
- Megaloblastic or macrocytic: folic acid (folate) or vitamin B12 deficiency
Symptoms of anemia:
- Breathlessness
- Racing heart or palpitations
- Fatigue
- Weakness
- Tiring easily
- Pale skin

Polycythemia

Polycythemia is a condition characterized by excessive RBCs
Physiological consequences of polycythemia:
- Increased blood viscosity
- Increased risk of blood clots
Causes of polycythemia:
- Unclear, but may be related to excessive X-ray usage, cancer, and chloramphenicol use

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Description

Learn about the different types of anemia, including microcytic hypochromic, normocytic normochromic, and megaloblastic or macrocytic, and their causes.