Aminoglycosides: Adverse Effects and Usage
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Questions and Answers

Which adverse effect is NOT associated with aminoglycosides?

  • Ototoxicity
  • Nephrotoxicity
  • Cardiotoxicity (correct)
  • Neurotoxicity

What is the characteristic of lincosamides' spectrum of activity?

  • Broad-spectrum
  • No anaerobic coverage (correct)
  • Good gram-negative coverage
  • Selective for viruses

Which statement about tetracyclines is correct?

  • They are not associated with any adverse effects
  • They can cause growth disorders of bones and teeth (correct)
  • They have a broad spectrum of activity
  • They bind to the 50S subunit

What is the main mechanism of action of streptogramins?

<p>Inhibition of protein synthesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of chloramphenicol?

<p>It can cause aplastic anemia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What sets Amikacin apart from other aminoglycosides?

<p>It lacks ototoxicity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some risks associated with long-term use of apple cider vinegar for general health?

<p>Increased risk of hypokalemia and osteoporosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the post-market issues of greatest concern for Natural Health Products (NHPs)?

<p>Deceptive product labeling (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a risk associated with apple cider vinegar for general health?

<p>Reduced risk of hyperreninemia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common safety issue faced by the Natural Health Products industry?

<p>Contaminated or adulterated products (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is a potential consequence of long-term use of liquid formulations of apple cider vinegar?

<p>Damage to tooth enamel (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main benefit of fatty acids in functional foods?

<p>Decreasing the incidence of heart disease and stroke (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bioactive component category do olive oil, canola oil, and nuts fall under in functional foods?

<p>Fatty acids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of prebiotics and probiotics in functional foods?

<p>Improving gut health (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bioactive component category includes inulin, fructooligosaccharides, soy, artichokes, and garlic in functional foods?

<p>Fiber (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key effect of functional foods on intestinal microflora?

<p>Altering metabolic activities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which category do functional foods with 'healthy' bacteria including Lactobacilli belong to?

<p>Probiotics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the preferred route of administration for corticosteroids to limit systemic side effects?

<p>Aerosol inhalation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which adverse effect of aerosol corticosteroids can be reduced by good mouth hygiene like gargling?

<p>Oropharyngeal candidiasis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does cromolyn sodium and nedocromil act in the body?

<p>By inhibiting release of mediators from mast cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When would severe exacerbations of asthma potentially require IV methylprednisolone or oral prednisone?

<p>In severe exacerbations of asthma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first line of anti-inflammatory therapy for individuals of all ages?

<p>Corticosteroids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How often is cromolyn sodium and nedocromil typically administered?

<p>2-4 times a day (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the recommended ways to prevent the development of desensitization of beta2 receptors and promote the efficacy of beta2 agonists?

<p>Co-administration with corticosteroids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What adverse effect can occur due to the stimulation of beta1 receptors by beta2-adrenergic agonists?

<p>Tachycardia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug interaction makes beta2-adrenergic agonists ineffective in patients with hypertension or heart conditions?

<p>Taking beta blockers concurrently (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the proposed mechanism of action of methylxanthines in asthma and COPD treatment?

<p>Relaxing airways by reducing cytoplasmic Ca2+ through cAMP elevation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what condition are theophylline indicated as a second choice for treatment of acute attacks?

<p>Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential drawback associated with the use of theophylline in asthma and COPD treatment?

<p>Having systemic and CNS effects due to inhibiting adenosine receptors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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