Aminoglycosides: Adverse Effects and Usage
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Questions and Answers

Which adverse effect is NOT associated with aminoglycosides?

  • Ototoxicity
  • Nephrotoxicity
  • Cardiotoxicity (correct)
  • Neurotoxicity
  • What is the characteristic of lincosamides' spectrum of activity?

  • Broad-spectrum
  • No anaerobic coverage (correct)
  • Good gram-negative coverage
  • Selective for viruses
  • Which statement about tetracyclines is correct?

  • They are not associated with any adverse effects
  • They can cause growth disorders of bones and teeth (correct)
  • They have a broad spectrum of activity
  • They bind to the 50S subunit
  • What is the main mechanism of action of streptogramins?

    <p>Inhibition of protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of chloramphenicol?

    <p>It can cause aplastic anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What sets Amikacin apart from other aminoglycosides?

    <p>It lacks ototoxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some risks associated with long-term use of apple cider vinegar for general health?

    <p>Increased risk of hypokalemia and osteoporosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the post-market issues of greatest concern for Natural Health Products (NHPs)?

    <p>Deceptive product labeling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a risk associated with apple cider vinegar for general health?

    <p>Reduced risk of hyperreninemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common safety issue faced by the Natural Health Products industry?

    <p>Contaminated or adulterated products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is a potential consequence of long-term use of liquid formulations of apple cider vinegar?

    <p>Damage to tooth enamel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main benefit of fatty acids in functional foods?

    <p>Decreasing the incidence of heart disease and stroke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bioactive component category do olive oil, canola oil, and nuts fall under in functional foods?

    <p>Fatty acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of prebiotics and probiotics in functional foods?

    <p>Improving gut health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bioactive component category includes inulin, fructooligosaccharides, soy, artichokes, and garlic in functional foods?

    <p>Fiber</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key effect of functional foods on intestinal microflora?

    <p>Altering metabolic activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which category do functional foods with 'healthy' bacteria including Lactobacilli belong to?

    <p>Probiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the preferred route of administration for corticosteroids to limit systemic side effects?

    <p>Aerosol inhalation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adverse effect of aerosol corticosteroids can be reduced by good mouth hygiene like gargling?

    <p>Oropharyngeal candidiasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does cromolyn sodium and nedocromil act in the body?

    <p>By inhibiting release of mediators from mast cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When would severe exacerbations of asthma potentially require IV methylprednisolone or oral prednisone?

    <p>In severe exacerbations of asthma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first line of anti-inflammatory therapy for individuals of all ages?

    <p>Corticosteroids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often is cromolyn sodium and nedocromil typically administered?

    <p>2-4 times a day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the recommended ways to prevent the development of desensitization of beta2 receptors and promote the efficacy of beta2 agonists?

    <p>Co-administration with corticosteroids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What adverse effect can occur due to the stimulation of beta1 receptors by beta2-adrenergic agonists?

    <p>Tachycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug interaction makes beta2-adrenergic agonists ineffective in patients with hypertension or heart conditions?

    <p>Taking beta blockers concurrently</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the proposed mechanism of action of methylxanthines in asthma and COPD treatment?

    <p>Relaxing airways by reducing cytoplasmic Ca2+ through cAMP elevation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what condition are theophylline indicated as a second choice for treatment of acute attacks?

    <p>Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential drawback associated with the use of theophylline in asthma and COPD treatment?

    <p>Having systemic and CNS effects due to inhibiting adenosine receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

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