29 Questions
Which adverse effect is NOT associated with aminoglycosides?
Cardiotoxicity
What is the characteristic of lincosamides' spectrum of activity?
No anaerobic coverage
Which statement about tetracyclines is correct?
They can cause growth disorders of bones and teeth
What is the main mechanism of action of streptogramins?
Inhibition of protein synthesis
What is a characteristic of chloramphenicol?
It can cause aplastic anemia
What sets Amikacin apart from other aminoglycosides?
It lacks ototoxicity
What are some risks associated with long-term use of apple cider vinegar for general health?
Increased risk of hypokalemia and osteoporosis
What are the post-market issues of greatest concern for Natural Health Products (NHPs)?
Deceptive product labeling
Which of the following is NOT a risk associated with apple cider vinegar for general health?
Reduced risk of hyperreninemia
What is a common safety issue faced by the Natural Health Products industry?
Contaminated or adulterated products
Which is a potential consequence of long-term use of liquid formulations of apple cider vinegar?
Damage to tooth enamel
What is the main benefit of fatty acids in functional foods?
Decreasing the incidence of heart disease and stroke
Which bioactive component category do olive oil, canola oil, and nuts fall under in functional foods?
Fatty acids
What is the primary purpose of prebiotics and probiotics in functional foods?
Improving gut health
Which bioactive component category includes inulin, fructooligosaccharides, soy, artichokes, and garlic in functional foods?
Fiber
What is the key effect of functional foods on intestinal microflora?
Altering metabolic activities
Which category do functional foods with 'healthy' bacteria including Lactobacilli belong to?
Probiotics
What is the preferred route of administration for corticosteroids to limit systemic side effects?
Aerosol inhalation
Which adverse effect of aerosol corticosteroids can be reduced by good mouth hygiene like gargling?
Oropharyngeal candidiasis
How does cromolyn sodium and nedocromil act in the body?
By inhibiting release of mediators from mast cells
When would severe exacerbations of asthma potentially require IV methylprednisolone or oral prednisone?
In severe exacerbations of asthma
What is the first line of anti-inflammatory therapy for individuals of all ages?
Corticosteroids
How often is cromolyn sodium and nedocromil typically administered?
2-4 times a day
What is one of the recommended ways to prevent the development of desensitization of beta2 receptors and promote the efficacy of beta2 agonists?
Co-administration with corticosteroids
What adverse effect can occur due to the stimulation of beta1 receptors by beta2-adrenergic agonists?
Tachycardia
Which drug interaction makes beta2-adrenergic agonists ineffective in patients with hypertension or heart conditions?
Taking beta blockers concurrently
What is the proposed mechanism of action of methylxanthines in asthma and COPD treatment?
Relaxing airways by reducing cytoplasmic Ca2+ through cAMP elevation
In what condition are theophylline indicated as a second choice for treatment of acute attacks?
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
What is a potential drawback associated with the use of theophylline in asthma and COPD treatment?
Having systemic and CNS effects due to inhibiting adenosine receptors
Learn about the adverse effects and proper usage of aminoglycosides, including nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and their mechanism of action. Understand their bactericidal properties, narrow spectrum of activity, and considerations for dosing and administration.
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