Alzheimer's and Parkinson’s Disease Treatments
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Questions and Answers

Which agent is exclusively approved for managing dementia linked to Parkinson's disease?

  • Galantamine
  • Rivastigmine (correct)
  • Memantine
  • Donepezil

    • What unique formulation does Rivastigmine come in that sets it apart from other AChE inhibitors?

  • Sublingual spray
  • Oral tablet
  • Intravenous injection
  • Transdermal patch (correct)

    • Which of the following statements regarding Rivastigmine is true?

  • It is not used for managing Parkinson's disease dementia.
  • It has a higher efficacy than all other dementia medications.
  • It is effective for all types of dementia.
  • It is the only AChE inhibitor formulated as a transdermal patch. (correct)

    • Which is NOT a characteristic of Rivastigmine?

    <p>It is available only as a pill.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What category of medication does Rivastigmine belong to?

    <p>AChE inhibitor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does galantamine have on acetylcholine in the central nervous system (CNS)?

    <p>It augments its action at nicotinic receptors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of galantamine for Alzheimer patients as highlighted in the content?

    <p>It offers a modest reduction in the rate of cognitive loss.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptors are specifically mentioned as being influenced by galantamine?

    <p>Nicotinic receptors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How significant is the impact of galantamine on cognitive functioning in Alzheimer patients?

    <p>It achieves a modest reduction in cognitive decline rate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which condition is galantamine primarily utilized as a treatment?

    <p>Alzheimer's disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for caution in using certain drugs for patients with Parkinson's Disease (PD)?

    <p>Imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neurons is significantly reduced in patients with PD?

    <p>Inhibitory dopaminergic neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of Parkinson's Disease, what reflects the imbalance in neuronal activity?

    <p>Deficiency of inhibitory dopaminergic activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of cholinergic neurons in patients with parkinsonism?

    <p>They contribute to excitatory signaling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the neuronal imbalance in Parkinson's Disease?

    <p>Cholinergic neurons are dominant due to dopaminergic loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do inhibitory neurons play in the CNS?

    <p>They modulate the rate of neuronal transmission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the neurotransmission in the CNS differ from that in the ANS?

    <p>CNS employs multiple neurotransmitters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the coupling of receptors at most synapses in the CNS associated with?

    <p>Ion channels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitters are primarily used in the ANS?

    <p>Acetylcholine and norepinephrine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic is unique to the inhibitory neurons in the CNS compared to those in the ANS?

    <p>They modulate neuronal transmission continuously.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key feature characterizes the described devastating illnesses?

    <p>Progressive loss of selected neurons in discrete brain areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the potential disorders resulting from the progressive loss of neurons?

    <p>Disorders of movement, cognition, or both</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does neurodegeneration primarily affect the brain?

    <p>Through the selective loss of neurons in particular areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the impact of these illnesses on a patient's capabilities?

    <p>Both movement and cognition can be adversely affected</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'progressive' indicate in the context of neurodegeneration?

    <p>An incremental worsening over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Galantamine

    • May augment the action of acetylcholine at nicotinic receptors in the CNS.
    • Provides a modest reduction in the rate of loss of cognitive functioning in Alzheimer patients.

    Rivastigmine

    • Only agent approved for the management of dementia associated with Parkinson’s disease.
    • Only AChE inhibitor available as a transdermal formulation.
    • Should be used with caution in patients with PD.

    ### Treatment Strategy

    • Symptoms of parkinsonism reflect an imbalance between excitatory cholinergic neurons and the greatly diminished number of inhibitory dopaminergic neurons.

    CNS Neurotransmission

    • Unlike the peripheral ANS, the CNS contains powerful networks of inhibitory neurons that are constantly active in modulating the rate of neuronal transmission.
    • CNS communicates through the use of multiple neurotransmitters, whereas the ANS uses only two primary neurotransmitters, acetylcholine and norepinephrine.
    • Receptors at most synapses in the CNS are coupled to ion channels.
    • Devastating illnesses in the CNS are characterized by the progressive loss of selected neurons in discrete brain areas ( neurodegeneration), resulting in characteristic disorders of movement, cognition, or both.

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    Pharmacology II, 4th Stage Lecture Notes PDF

    Description

    Explore the pharmacological treatments for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases in this quiz. Focus on drugs like Galantamine and Rivastigmine, along with their roles in managing cognitive dysfunctions. Understand the intricacies of CNS neurotransmission in the context of these neurodegenerative conditions.

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