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Questions and Answers
What is the primary hazard caused by ice or frost on an aircraft airfoil?
What is the primary hazard caused by ice or frost on an aircraft airfoil?
What type of ice is characterized by a rough surface and appears white due to trapped air?
What type of ice is characterized by a rough surface and appears white due to trapped air?
Under which condition does clear ice typically form on an aircraft?
Under which condition does clear ice typically form on an aircraft?
What mechanism is used by some aircraft to detect icing conditions?
What mechanism is used by some aircraft to detect icing conditions?
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How does ice formation affect the weight of an aircraft?
How does ice formation affect the weight of an aircraft?
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What characteristic of supercooled water droplets allows them to avoid freezing in the atmosphere?
What characteristic of supercooled water droplets allows them to avoid freezing in the atmosphere?
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At what altitude do temperature drops typically occur that increase the risk of icing conditions?
At what altitude do temperature drops typically occur that increase the risk of icing conditions?
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What is the primary function of the hydrophobic surface seal coating on aircraft windshields?
What is the primary function of the hydrophobic surface seal coating on aircraft windshields?
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What is a key warning regarding the use of the rain repellent system in aircraft?
What is a key warning regarding the use of the rain repellent system in aircraft?
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What visual effect does the chemical rain repellent create on treated windshields?
What visual effect does the chemical rain repellent create on treated windshields?
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What mechanism drives the operation of the windshield wipers in aircraft?
What mechanism drives the operation of the windshield wipers in aircraft?
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What is the recommended condition for using the cockpit rain repellent system?
What is the recommended condition for using the cockpit rain repellent system?
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What is the primary function of anti-icing equipment?
What is the primary function of anti-icing equipment?
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Which method is NOT commonly used for ice control in aircraft?
Which method is NOT commonly used for ice control in aircraft?
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How does the thermal pneumatic anti-icing system primarily operate?
How does the thermal pneumatic anti-icing system primarily operate?
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What is the temperature achieved at the wing leading edge when the WAI switch is activated?
What is the temperature achieved at the wing leading edge when the WAI switch is activated?
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What is the role of the ejector in the Wing Anti-Ice (WAI) system?
What is the role of the ejector in the Wing Anti-Ice (WAI) system?
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Which component is NOT part of the wing anti-ice system described?
Which component is NOT part of the wing anti-ice system described?
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At what pressure is the bleed air from the engine compressor allowed to flow into the tubings?
At what pressure is the bleed air from the engine compressor allowed to flow into the tubings?
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What happens to the temperature of bleed air as it is routed through the ejector?
What happens to the temperature of bleed air as it is routed through the ejector?
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How is the air directed against the wing's leading edge vented?
How is the air directed against the wing's leading edge vented?
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What is a crucial maintenance rule for extending the life of deice boots?
What is a crucial maintenance rule for extending the life of deice boots?
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How does an electrothermal propeller deice system primarily operate?
How does an electrothermal propeller deice system primarily operate?
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Which cleaning agent is recommended for removing grease and oil from deicers?
Which cleaning agent is recommended for removing grease and oil from deicers?
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What happens if ice forms on the propeller leading edges?
What happens if ice forms on the propeller leading edges?
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What is the proper storage method for deice boots when they are not in service?
What is the proper storage method for deice boots when they are not in service?
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What should not be done to maintain the integrity of deice boots?
What should not be done to maintain the integrity of deice boots?
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Which component is essential for the electrothermal propeller deice system?
Which component is essential for the electrothermal propeller deice system?
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Which is NOT a consequence of improper maintenance of deice boots?
Which is NOT a consequence of improper maintenance of deice boots?
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What is the primary purpose of a rain control system in aircraft?
What is the primary purpose of a rain control system in aircraft?
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What is the primary function of the pneumatic deicing system in an aircraft?
What is the primary function of the pneumatic deicing system in an aircraft?
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What temperature triggers the illumination of the red Thermal WAI System WING OV HT warning light for the outboard wing?
What temperature triggers the illumination of the red Thermal WAI System WING OV HT warning light for the outboard wing?
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Which components are commonly heated using thermal electric anti-icing systems on an aircraft?
Which components are commonly heated using thermal electric anti-icing systems on an aircraft?
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What is the primary principle behind the chemical anti-icing system used in some aircraft?
What is the primary principle behind the chemical anti-icing system used in some aircraft?
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What happens when the chemical deicing system is activated on an aircraft?
What happens when the chemical deicing system is activated on an aircraft?
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How does thermal electric anti-icing prevent ice formation?
How does thermal electric anti-icing prevent ice formation?
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What kind of mixture does the chemical anti-icing solution create when it contacts supercooled water?
What kind of mixture does the chemical anti-icing solution create when it contacts supercooled water?
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Which type of anti-icing system uses an integrated conductive element to generate heat?
Which type of anti-icing system uses an integrated conductive element to generate heat?
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What is the purpose of the mesh screen in a chemical anti-icing system?
What is the purpose of the mesh screen in a chemical anti-icing system?
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The term 'weeping wing system' refers to which type of ice protection?
The term 'weeping wing system' refers to which type of ice protection?
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What is emitted by the Thermal WAI System when the temperature exceeds the critical threshold?
What is emitted by the Thermal WAI System when the temperature exceeds the critical threshold?
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What is the primary mechanism used to remove ice from the leading-edge surface of the aircraft using a pneumatic deicing system?
What is the primary mechanism used to remove ice from the leading-edge surface of the aircraft using a pneumatic deicing system?
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Which component in the pneumatic deicing system helps maintain the boots' position when they are not in use?
Which component in the pneumatic deicing system helps maintain the boots' position when they are not in use?
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When does the pneumatic deicing system begin the inflation process to break off ice from the boots?
When does the pneumatic deicing system begin the inflation process to break off ice from the boots?
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What role do vacuum suction and pressure switches play in the pneumatic deicing system?
What role do vacuum suction and pressure switches play in the pneumatic deicing system?
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What happens to the pressurized air once the pneumatic deicing system completes its cycle?
What happens to the pressurized air once the pneumatic deicing system completes its cycle?
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Which system utilizes a reservoir to pump a liquid antifreeze solution for ice protection?
Which system utilizes a reservoir to pump a liquid antifreeze solution for ice protection?
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What is the primary function of the weeping wing system in an aircraft?
What is the primary function of the weeping wing system in an aircraft?
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How does the thermal electric anti-icing system prevent ice from forming on aircraft components?
How does the thermal electric anti-icing system prevent ice from forming on aircraft components?
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In a chemical deicing process, what mechanism is used to remove ice from the aircraft's leading edges?
In a chemical deicing process, what mechanism is used to remove ice from the aircraft's leading edges?
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What temperature reading activates the WING OV HT warning light for the inboard wing?
What temperature reading activates the WING OV HT warning light for the inboard wing?
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What is a significant hazard caused by ice formation on the airfoils of an aircraft?
What is a significant hazard caused by ice formation on the airfoils of an aircraft?
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Which type of ice is characterized by a smooth formation and poses challenges for removal?
Which type of ice is characterized by a smooth formation and poses challenges for removal?
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In what way do ice detection systems on aircraft alert the crew?
In what way do ice detection systems on aircraft alert the crew?
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What effect does rime ice have compared to clear ice concerning weight?
What effect does rime ice have compared to clear ice concerning weight?
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How can supercooled water droplets remain in liquid form below freezing temperatures?
How can supercooled water droplets remain in liquid form below freezing temperatures?
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Ice can build up quickly on aircraft airfoils and air inlets when flying under certain ______ and atmosphere conditions.
Ice can build up quickly on aircraft airfoils and air inlets when flying under certain ______ and atmosphere conditions.
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The formation of clear ice occurs when water droplets are ______, such as during rain, and freeze as a smooth sheet.
The formation of clear ice occurs when water droplets are ______, such as during rain, and freeze as a smooth sheet.
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Rime ice appears white due to trapped ______ in the ice and is lighter in weight than clear ice.
Rime ice appears white due to trapped ______ in the ice and is lighter in weight than clear ice.
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Ice can be detected by flight crew visually or through ice ______ that alert the crew on icing conditions.
Ice can be detected by flight crew visually or through ice ______ that alert the crew on icing conditions.
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The resulting malformation of the airfoil due to ice can decrease the amount of ______ generated by the aircraft.
The resulting malformation of the airfoil due to ice can decrease the amount of ______ generated by the aircraft.
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The ______ system helps maintain the temperature of the wing leading edge to prevent ice formation.
The ______ system helps maintain the temperature of the wing leading edge to prevent ice formation.
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When the WAI switch is activated, the temperature of the wing leading edge can reach up to ______ °F.
When the WAI switch is activated, the temperature of the wing leading edge can reach up to ______ °F.
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The equipment designed for ______ is activated before icing conditions to prevent ice formation.
The equipment designed for ______ is activated before icing conditions to prevent ice formation.
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Bleed air at a pressure of ______ PSI flows to the tubings located at the wing leading edge.
Bleed air at a pressure of ______ PSI flows to the tubings located at the wing leading edge.
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The thermal pneumatic anti-icing system routes bleed air through ______ to reduce temperature and increase airflow.
The thermal pneumatic anti-icing system routes bleed air through ______ to reduce temperature and increase airflow.
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Study Notes
Aircraft Systems: Ice and Rain Protection
- Ice buildup on airfoils and inlets is rapid under certain atmospheric conditions.
- Water droplets can exist in a supercooled state below freezing without turning to ice, primarily due to surface tension.
- Disturbances on the aircraft surface cause supercooled water droplets to quickly freeze onto surfaces.
- Icing on aircraft creates two main hazards:
- Malformed airfoil shape reducing lift
- Unbalanced weight causing control difficulties
- Clear ice forms from large water droplets, creating a smooth, hard sheet of ice that's challenging to remove.
- Rime ice forms from small droplets, accumulating in irregular shapes and rough surfaces. It's lighter in weight compared to clear ice.
- Ice detection is possible via flight crews visually or ice detection sensors that trigger warning lights.
- Some aircraft automatically activate ice protection systems upon detection.
- Ice prevention methods include heating surfaces with hot air, using heated electrical components, breaking up ice formation using inflatable boots, and chemical application.
- Anti-icing equipment prevents ice buildup, while de-icing equipment removes existing ice.
- The Wing Anti-Ice (WAI) system uses bleed air routed through tubes along wing leading edges, introducing fresh air into the system for temperature reduction.
- Thermal Electric Anti-Icing involves heating components using electrical current to avoid ice formation. Components like pitot probes, angle of attack sensors, engine pressure/temp sensors and windshields utilize this method.
- Chemical anti-icing/de-icing systems use a freezing point depressant solution to prevent ice formation or to break the ice bond; the solution is pumped through the wings and stabilizers leading edges.
Types of Ice
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Clear Ice: Large water droplets freeze into a smooth, dense solid. Difficult to remove.
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Rime Ice: Small water droplets freeze into a rough, irregular shape. Lighter in weight than clear ice.
Ice and Rain Protection: Systems
- Ice Detection System: Visual observation or sensors that trigger warning lights (annunciator); automatic systems are employed on some aircraft.
- Ice Prevention: Heating surfaces with hot air or electrically, using inflatable boots or chemical applications.
- Anti-icing: Prevents ice formation.
- De-icing: Removes existing ice.
Ice and Rain Protection: Systems (continued)
- Wing Anti-Ice (WAI) System: Bleed air is routed to each wing leading edge using an ejector and tubes. Fresh ambient air is introduced to help reduce temperature.
De-icing Systems
- Pneumatic Deicing Systems: Inflatable boots used to break up ice on aircraft exterior surfaces. Vacuum holds boots in place when not in use.
- Chemical Deicing: Chemical solutions break the ice/airframe bond allowing them to be removed by air pressure.
Maintenance
- The life of de-icers is improved by adhering to appropriate practices during storage.
- Avoid dragging gasoline and other contaminants.
- Prevent damage by laying equipment or tools on the de-icers.
- Store de-icer boots in appropriate coverings.
Propeller Ice Protection
- Propeller de-icing uses electrically heated boots on each blade. The boot is permanently attached; a special slip ring transmits electricity from the spinner assembly.
Rain Control Systems
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Windshield Wipers: Electrically driven wipers used to clear rain/water.
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Chemical Rain Repellent: Chemicals on windshields form a transparent film making rain bead and roll off, reducing distortion.
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Windshield Surface Seal Coating: Hydrophobic coating on outside of windshields causes water to bead and roll off. Helps maintain visibility during rain.
Windshield Frost, Fog and Ice Control
- Laminated windshields; clear vinyl inside are standard for aircraft.
- Heating elements are inside the glass to prevent frost formation.
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Description
This quiz covers the critical aspects of ice and rain protection systems in aircraft. It explores how ice formation occurs under various atmospheric conditions and discusses the different types of ice that can affect aircraft performance and control. Participants will also learn about detection methods and preventive measures used in aviation.
