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Airborne Weather Radar Quiz
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Airborne Weather Radar Quiz

Created by
@CourageousCaesura

Questions and Answers

What type of radar is primarily used in airborne weather radars?

  • Primary radar in the SHF band (correct)
  • Primary radar in the UHF band
  • Secondary radar in the SHF band
  • Secondary radar in the VHF band

    • Which color zone on an airborne weather radar typically indicates areas of greatest turbulence?

  • Blank areas with no color
  • Red and magenta zones (correct)
  • Green and yellow zones
  • Black colored areas

    • Which phenomenon is least likely to be detected by airborne weather radar?

  • Turbulence in precipitation-bearing clouds
  • Heavy rain
  • Clear air turbulence (correct)
  • Wet snow in precipitation clouds

    • What wavelength is most effective for weather penetration according to airborne weather radar systems?

    <p>50 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If an airborne weather radar uses a 4° beam with a wavelength of 3 cm, what is the diameter of the parabolic dish?

    <p>52.5 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a side lobe from the aerial of a weather radar typically indicate?

    <p>Functionality of the weather radar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what approximate height would the top of a cloud be if it disappears from radar when tilted up to 3°?

    <p>6000 ft above the flight level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a bright red echo on a color radar indicate?

    <p>High concentrations of water in liquid or solid form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum detection range for a 1 NM wide opening using a weather radar with a beam width of 4°?

    <p>15 NM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what conditions can ground checks of an airborne weather radar be performed?

    <p>They are allowed subject to specific health and safety regulations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which frequency band do most airborne weather radars operate?

    <p>SHF</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a single line on the display indicate when the Airborne Weather Radar is switched on?

    <p>The antenna is not scanning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is increasing severity of rain and turbulence represented on a colour cathode ray tube (CRT) in Airborne Weather Radar?

    <p>Green to yellow to red</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a complete list of airborne weather radar antenna stabilisation axes?

    <p>Roll and pitch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of gyro stabilisation, which axes are typical for Airborne Weather Radar?

    <p>Pitch and roll</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which operation mode does the airborne weather radar utilize a cosecant radiation pattern?

    <p>MAPPING</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mode should be selected when the AWR transmitter is switched on before take-off, with the scanner tilted up?

    <p>Weather mode selected</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mode of operation is most suitable for detecting long range ground features with AWR?

    <p>The manual mode</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What frequency is commonly used for airborne weather radar?

    <p>9375 MHz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How will severe turbulence appear on the AWR display?

    <p>By a steep colour gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the ISO-ECHO facility in an airborne weather radar?

    <p>To detect areas of possible severe turbulence in cloud</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What tilt orientation should an AWR scanner have to receive returns from clouds at or above your level with a 5 deg beam width?

    <p>2.5 deg uptilt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the AWR transmitter not typically activated while on the ground?

    <p>Its radiated energy can damage people and equipment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which set of phenomena cannot be detected by weather radar?

    <p>Snow; clear air turbulence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the optimum frequency for airborne weather radar systems?

    <p>10 GHz for good echoes from larger droplets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What advantage do slotted antennas provide in modern radar technology?

    <p>Eliminate lateral lobes to focus energy in the main beam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What colours are used on a conventional AWR to indicate increasing intensity of returns?

    <p>Green, amber and red</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which color on the Airborne Weather Radar screen typically indicates areas of greatest turbulence?

    <p>Colour zones that are closest together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general rule for operating airborne weather radar equipment while on the ground?

    <p>Only permitted with health precautions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which piece of equipment operates based on primary radar principles?

    <p>Airborne Weather Radar (AWR)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily determines the theoretical maximum range for an Airborne Weather Radar?

    <p>Pulse recurrence frequency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Before commencing a flight, what should be done with the weather radar?

    <p>Kept at stand-by until lined up with the runway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Weather radar assists pilots in detecting and avoiding which of the following?

    <p>Potentially turbulent cloud cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diameter of the parabolic dish for an airborne weather radar that transmits a 5° beam with a wavelength of 4 cm?

    <p>56.0 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a height ring in weather radar systems help to determine?

    <p>If the weather radar is functioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a cloud is detected at a range of 60 miles with a 5° beam and the echo disappears when tilted, what is the height of the cloud relative to the aeroplane's cruising level?

    <p>15,900 ft above the level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    On a colour radar, where is the greatest turbulence most likely found?

    <p>Showing a rapid gradient of change from magenta to yellow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factors primarily influence the detection of clouds by an airborne weather radar (AWR)?

    <p>Size of the water droplets and wavelength/frequency used</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When the scale of a weather radar is changed from 100 NM to 50 NM, the depiction of a squall at 50 NM should:

    <p>Increase in area and move to the top of the screen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The use of a wavelength of approximately 3 cm in airborne weather radar systems is primarily for which purpose?

    <p>To detect larger water droplets effectively</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cloud type is most easily detected by airborne weather radar?

    <p>Cumulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the MAPPING MODE, the airborne weather radar primarily uses which type of beam?

    <p>Fan shaped beam effective up to 60 NM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is the pencil shaped beam of airborne weather radar preferred over mapping mode?

    <p>For distances beyond 100 NM due to tilt limitations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Mapping mode, the cosecant beam enhances which capability of the radar?

    <p>Independent signal strength from distance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To determine if a cloud return is at or above an aircraft's height, the tilt control should be set to:

    <p>2.5 degrees up to maintain an adequate angle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ASMR operates in which band and what is its typical antenna rotation speed?

    <p>UHF band at 60 rpm to sometimes distinguish types</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a bright line appears on the weather radar screen upon startup, this indicates that:

    <p>The cathode ray tube is malfunctioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate height of the cloud when the radar shows the top of it at 105 NM with a beam width of 5° and tilted up at 3.5°?

    <p>35,600 ft</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which frequency band is primarily used for most ATC and weather radars?

    <p>SHF</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the ISO-ECHO circuit in an AWR?

    <p>To display areas of turbulence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If an AWR is set at 100 NM range and a large cloud appears at 50 NM, what will happen when the range is reduced to 50 NM?

    <p>The image will decrease in area and move to the top of the screen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which axes does the AWR stabilize in?

    <p>Pitch and roll</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When can the AWR be operated on the ground?

    <p>If operating within regulations and guidelines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What approximate height corresponds with a cloud when the tilt angle is 4° and beam width is 5°, at a range of 40 NM?

    <p>6000 ft</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In an AWR, which indication represents areas of greatest turbulence?

    <p>Most rapid change of colour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What advantage does the cosecant squared beam provide for mapping in AWR?

    <p>A larger area of ground is illuminated by the beam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do airborne weather radars use a frequency of approximately 9 GHz?

    <p>Reflections are obtained only from larger droplets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Airborne Weather Radar (AWR) Overview

    • Most airborne weather radars operate in the SHF (Super High Frequency) band.
    • A single bright line on the display indicates that the antenna is not scanning.
    • Increasing severity of rain and turbulence is shown by color transitions from green to yellow to red on a color CRT.

    Radar Functionality

    • AWR antennas are gyro-stabilized in pitch and roll.
    • AWR operates in Mapping mode using a cosecant radiation pattern for efficient ground mapping.
    • The AWR can detect cloud formations, influenced by the size of water droplets and wavelength/frequency used.

    Operational Characteristics

    • In Mapping mode, AWR utilizes a fan-shaped beam effective up to 50-60 NM.
    • Light intensity returns and turbulence severity are represented through color coding, with colors transitioning from green, amber to red.
    • Tilt adjustments for the radar scanner determine the return signal, with a tilt of 2.5° up optimal for detecting cloud returns at or above aircraft level.

    Technical Specifications

    • AWR operates at a frequency of approximately 9375 MHz.
    • Heavy concentrations of water droplets yield strong radar returns, indicating precipitation.
    • The size of the radar beam and channel frequency affects the radar's ability to distinguish between cloud types and detect various weather patterns.

    Detection Capabilities

    • Cumulus clouds are most readily detected by AWR while using the weather beam.
    • The iso-echo feature helps identify areas of possible turbulence, focusing on contrasts in return signals.
    • Detection of clear air turbulence is less effective than precipitation-induced turbulence.

    Safety and Operation Guidelines

    • AWR transmitters should not be operated on the ground due to potential health risks from radiated energy.
    • Ground checks of the AWR must follow specific health and safety regulations to protect personnel.
    • The use of AWR in different modes assists pilots in navigating around weather phenomena and turbulence areas effectively.

    Beam Characteristics and Measurement

    • Beam width and orientation are critical for effective radar readings; a 5° beam is standard for AWR.
    • The maximum range for detecting opening in geography depends on the radar beam's angle and the distance to feature, with performance related to beam width and dish diameter.
    • AWR is generally effective for mapping when distinguishing terrain and related features.

    Conclusion

    • Understanding the operational modes, detection capabilities, and safety guidelines for AWR enhances pilots' navigation and response to weather during flight.
    • Continuous monitoring of radar displays provides crucial information about turbulence, precipitation, and other environmental conditions affecting flight safety.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on airborne weather radar technology with this quiz. Covering various aspects such as frequency bands and equipment functionalities, it’s designed for aviation students and professionals. Challenge yourself and review essential information regarding AWR systems.

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