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Questions and Answers
What is the primary way lands are to be distributed to workers during the specified period?
What is the primary way lands are to be distributed to workers during the specified period?
What option is presented if it is not economically feasible to divide the land?
What option is presented if it is not economically feasible to divide the land?
What type of agreements are mentioned for the cooperative or association to engage in?
What type of agreements are mentioned for the cooperative or association to engage in?
Which of the following is not stated as a reason for forming a workers' cooperative?
Which of the following is not stated as a reason for forming a workers' cooperative?
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What steps will the government take regarding the lands during the specified period?
What steps will the government take regarding the lands during the specified period?
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What program did the younger Aquino implement to provide financial support for crop production?
What program did the younger Aquino implement to provide financial support for crop production?
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What is one of the key initiatives launched under President Duterte's administration related to agrarian reform?
What is one of the key initiatives launched under President Duterte's administration related to agrarian reform?
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Which program was created to ensure the faster resolution of agrarian-related legal cases?
Which program was created to ensure the faster resolution of agrarian-related legal cases?
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What was Executive Order No. 26 primarily aimed at enhancing?
What was Executive Order No. 26 primarily aimed at enhancing?
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What is one of the critical goals of the Agrarian Reform Community Connectivity and Economic Support Services project?
What is one of the critical goals of the Agrarian Reform Community Connectivity and Economic Support Services project?
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Which approach did Duterte prioritize in his aggressive land reform program?
Which approach did Duterte prioritize in his aggressive land reform program?
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What significant land reform action did Duterte take in Boracay?
What significant land reform action did Duterte take in Boracay?
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What initiative did the Department of Agrarian Reform pursue to address case backlogs?
What initiative did the Department of Agrarian Reform pursue to address case backlogs?
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What is the primary goal of the agrarian reform program?
What is the primary goal of the agrarian reform program?
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Which of the following aspects is emphasized for the welfare of farmers and farmworkers?
Which of the following aspects is emphasized for the welfare of farmers and farmworkers?
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What is essential for achieving equitable land distribution?
What is essential for achieving equitable land distribution?
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How does the program aim to improve the quality of life for farmers?
How does the program aim to improve the quality of life for farmers?
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What is a significant aspect of land ownership as outlined in the content?
What is a significant aspect of land ownership as outlined in the content?
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What should be the basis of Philippine agriculture, according to the content?
What should be the basis of Philippine agriculture, according to the content?
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Which rights are acknowledged in relation to landowners during the agrarian reform?
Which rights are acknowledged in relation to landowners during the agrarian reform?
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What is the concept of 'owner cultivatorship' related to?
What is the concept of 'owner cultivatorship' related to?
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What must happen before a new agreement can be entered into by the workers' cooperative?
What must happen before a new agreement can be entered into by the workers' cooperative?
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What is prohibited under the Act regarding the benefits of worker-beneficiaries?
What is prohibited under the Act regarding the benefits of worker-beneficiaries?
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Which section of the Act discusses production and income-sharing applicable to multinational corporations?
Which section of the Act discusses production and income-sharing applicable to multinational corporations?
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What support is provided to new owners during the transition period?
What support is provided to new owners during the transition period?
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What must existing agreements be between for them to be respected under this Act?
What must existing agreements be between for them to be respected under this Act?
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What is the significance of the term 'vested right' as mentioned in the context of the Act?
What is the significance of the term 'vested right' as mentioned in the context of the Act?
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Which of the following best describes the scope of the Act regarding existing agreements?
Which of the following best describes the scope of the Act regarding existing agreements?
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What is the impact of the Act on multinational corporations regarding their operational structure?
What is the impact of the Act on multinational corporations regarding their operational structure?
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What is the maximum area of agricultural land that a landowner can retain according to the specified limits?
What is the maximum area of agricultural land that a landowner can retain according to the specified limits?
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Which factors determine the size of agricultural land allowable for retention?
Which factors determine the size of agricultural land allowable for retention?
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Who is responsible for determining factors affecting viable family-size farms?
Who is responsible for determining factors affecting viable family-size farms?
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Which of the following statements is false regarding the retention limits?
Which of the following statements is false regarding the retention limits?
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Retention of agricultural land is limited based on which of the following criteria?
Retention of agricultural land is limited based on which of the following criteria?
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What was the primary purpose of Republic Act No. 1160 enacted during Ramon Magsaysay's presidency?
What was the primary purpose of Republic Act No. 1160 enacted during Ramon Magsaysay's presidency?
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Which law, enacted during Diosdado Macapagal's presidency, aimed to abolish share tenancy in agriculture?
Which law, enacted during Diosdado Macapagal's presidency, aimed to abolish share tenancy in agriculture?
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Which law established the Land Tenure Administration responsible for large tenanted land acquisition?
Which law established the Land Tenure Administration responsible for large tenanted land acquisition?
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What was the interest rate range for loans provided to small farmers under Republic Act No. 821?
What was the interest rate range for loans provided to small farmers under Republic Act No. 821?
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Which organization replaced the National Land Settlement Administration in 1950?
Which organization replaced the National Land Settlement Administration in 1950?
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What did the Agricultural Land Reform Code of 1963 provide for tenant farmers?
What did the Agricultural Land Reform Code of 1963 provide for tenant farmers?
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Which act created the framework for agricultural tenancy in 1954?
Which act created the framework for agricultural tenancy in 1954?
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How many hectares were set as the retention limit under the Agricultural Land Reform Code?
How many hectares were set as the retention limit under the Agricultural Land Reform Code?
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Study Notes
Agrarian Reform in the Philippines
- Agrarian reform rectifies the agricultural system, crucial for the Philippine economy as half the population is employed in agriculture.
- It focuses on the connection between production and land distribution, and the economic/political class structures underlying these relationships.
- Colonial history significantly impacted the Philippines' agrarian problems.
Land Ownership under Spanish Rule
- Spanish colonization introduced pueblo agriculture, organizing rural communities into pueblos but not allowing individual land ownership.
- Filipinos cultivated lands owned by the Spanish king, paying tributes in agricultural products.
- Through the Law of the Indies, religious orders, military rewards, and encomiendas (managed lands) were organized giving Filipinos no land rights.
- Encomienda system allowed encomenderos to extract resources and services from Filipinos making them pay low prices for products.
- The hacienda system developed in the 19th-century, focused on world exports where Filipinos became tied to the global market while haciendas were large, privately owned estates.
Land Ownership under American Rule
- The Americans recognized landlessness as a social issue and attempted land reforms.
- The Philippines Bill of 1902 established land ownership limits.
- The Torrens system was introduced for accurate land records (Act No. 496)
- The homestead program (1903) allowed tenant farmers to own land.
- But the system did not significantly improve landownership; many Filipinos remained landless or were forced into tenancy.
- The Sakdal Uprising (1935) was a peasant rebellion caused by land inequality.
Post-War Agrarian Interventions
- Rehabilitation efforts focused on addressing land problems after World War II.
- Republic Act 34 established tenant/landlord 70-30 sharing arrangements.
- The Land Settlement Development Corporation (LASEDECO), under President Quirino, was established.
- President Magsaysay pursued comprehensive land reforms and gained congress support for Republic Act No. 1199, or the Agricultural Tenancy Act. This governed relationships between landholders and tenants
- The Agricultural Tenancy Commission and the Agricultural Credit and Cooperative Financing Administration were established to strengthen tenancy rights and aid farmer access to credit.
Agrarian Reform under Marcos
- President Marcos implemented various land reform decrees, including the Code of Agrarian Reform, during martial law.
- These reforms aimed to end sharecropping, improve peasant's rights and redistribute agricultural land.
Agrarian Reform under subsequent administrations
- Subsequent leaders like President Macapagal, Aquino, Arroyo, and others introduced measures like the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law (CARL) and its subsequent extensions, intended to further address the issue of land tenure.
- These administrations attempted to redistribute land, improve farmer rights, but faced challenges such as bureaucratic obstacles and resistance from landowners.
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Description
Explore the complexities of agrarian reform in the Philippines, focusing on the historical context of land ownership and production. This quiz examines the impacts of colonial history on agrarian structures and the socio-economic implications for the Filipino population. Test your knowledge on how these factors shaped current agricultural practices and land distribution.
