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Questions and Answers
Which parenting style is associated with increased child aggression due to punitive measures?
Which parenting style is associated with increased child aggression due to punitive measures?
What is one factor that may moderate the effects of viewing violent media on aggression?
What is one factor that may moderate the effects of viewing violent media on aggression?
What do bidirectional effects in child-parent relationships imply?
What do bidirectional effects in child-parent relationships imply?
In terms of peer influences, what is the effect of associating with deviant peers?
In terms of peer influences, what is the effect of associating with deviant peers?
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Which of the following statement is true regarding children's identification of peer relationships?
Which of the following statement is true regarding children's identification of peer relationships?
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According to the findings by Fergusson et al. (2015), what significant issue arises in studies analyzing the effects of violent media?
According to the findings by Fergusson et al. (2015), what significant issue arises in studies analyzing the effects of violent media?
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What outcome is predicted by prior exposure to deviant peers?
What outcome is predicted by prior exposure to deviant peers?
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What did the study by Busching & Krahe (2018) find regarding classroom influences on antisocial behavior?
What did the study by Busching & Krahe (2018) find regarding classroom influences on antisocial behavior?
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Which type of aggression is aimed at achieving a specific goal?
Which type of aggression is aimed at achieving a specific goal?
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What type of aggression increases from toddlerhood to childhood?
What type of aggression increases from toddlerhood to childhood?
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What is a key difference between antisocial and prosocial behavior?
What is a key difference between antisocial and prosocial behavior?
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What correlates with different developmental patterns in aggression?
What correlates with different developmental patterns in aggression?
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What factor significantly influences aggression in males compared to females?
What factor significantly influences aggression in males compared to females?
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According to Moffit's research, what characterizes the life-course persistent group of antisocial behavior?
According to Moffit's research, what characterizes the life-course persistent group of antisocial behavior?
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What is an outcome for children identified as having high levels of aggression at age 8?
What is an outcome for children identified as having high levels of aggression at age 8?
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What is a significant factor influencing aggression according to twin studies?
What is a significant factor influencing aggression according to twin studies?
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What is the impact of maternal depression during pregnancy on the likelihood of antisocial behavior in children?
What is the impact of maternal depression during pregnancy on the likelihood of antisocial behavior in children?
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Which factor has been found to be more influential in aggression: genetic factors or environmental factors?
Which factor has been found to be more influential in aggression: genetic factors or environmental factors?
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What is a consequence of having a difficult temperament in infants?
What is a consequence of having a difficult temperament in infants?
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What is hostile attribution bias?
What is hostile attribution bias?
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How does poor parental monitoring affect a child’s behavior?
How does poor parental monitoring affect a child’s behavior?
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What emotional skill is associated with reduced empathy and aggression in children with conduct problems?
What emotional skill is associated with reduced empathy and aggression in children with conduct problems?
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Which of the following factors is NOT associated with increased aggression?
Which of the following factors is NOT associated with increased aggression?
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What percentage of variance in aggression is attributed to genetic factors alone, according to Cloninger et al. (1982) study?
What percentage of variance in aggression is attributed to genetic factors alone, according to Cloninger et al. (1982) study?
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Study Notes
Aggression and Antisocial Behaviour
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Aggression: Deliberate behaviour intended to harm others. Instrumental aggression is goal-directed, while relational aggression targets interpersonal relationships.
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Antisocial Behaviour: Actions violating societal norms and rules. Conduct problems are a broader term.
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Aggression and Antisocial Behaviour Connection: These behaviours are not always mutually exclusive; they can overlap and are not direct opposites. They have differing predictors and developmental patterns.
Early Aggression
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Early Indicators: Physical aggression is seen in toddlers as early as 18 months. Tugging and using bodily force are early signs.
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Developmental Trajectory: Physical aggression decreases around age 3, possibly correlated to language development. Relational aggression sees an increase in this stage. Adolescents experience a peak in antisocial behaviour before the behaviour declines.
Continuity of Aggressive Behaviour
- Stability: Physical aggression typically stays consistent at low levels in most toddlers. A smaller subgroup continues to display physically aggressive behaviours throughout childhood.
Risk Factors for Aggression
- Gender Differences: Boys are more likely to exhibit aggression, especially direct aggression. Girls, while less likely to exhibit physical aggression, engage more frequently in relational aggression.
Importance of Genetic Factors
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Twin Studies: Genetic factors contribute to aggression, though are not sole contributors (around 40% of variance attributable to genetics).
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Environmental Factors: Environmental factors are likely a greater influence.
Early and Prenatal Risk Factors
- Maternal Factors: Maternal age and stress during pregnancy are associated with increased childhood aggression. Prenatal depression also increases risk by twofold.
Individual Factors
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Temperament: Difficult temperament is linked to later aggression and delinquency.
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Emotional Recognition: Children with conduct problems often struggle to identify negative emotions (such as anger and fear). This is associated with reduced empathy.
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Social Cognition: Hostile attributional bias (interpreting ambiguous situations as hostile) is common in aggressive children, leading them to react accordingly. Children with aggressive tendencies misinterpret signals as more threatening.
Family Factors: Parenting
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Parental Factors: Poor monitoring, punitive parenting, and inconsistent parenting are all linked to higher aggression in children.
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Bidirectional Relationships: Challenging or aggressive children impact parenting behaviours, thereby creating a cyclical pattern
Societal Factors
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Neighbourhood Effects: Children in violent neighbourhoods exhibit greater likelihood of violent acts than children in non-violent neighbourhoods.
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Community-Level Influences: Violent neighbourhoods correlate with higher violent behaviour in children.
Violent Media and Aggression
- Correlation: Viewing violent media has been linked to violent behaviour; however, multiple studies have indicated that results are extremely small and often inconclusive.
Classroom
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Social Status: Socially rejected and aggressive children often remain consistently rejected. Rejected children tend to stay consistently rejected over time. Socially non-deviant children who end up in deviancy-promoting classrooms show a steeper rise in aggression over time.
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Early Aggression: Socially rejected/aggressive children are more likely to be part of deviant groups
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Description
Explore the concepts of aggression and antisocial behaviour, including their definitions, indicators, and developmental patterns. This quiz covers early signs of aggression in toddlers and the continuity of aggressive behaviours into adolescence. Understand the relationship between these behaviours and their societal impacts.
