Agarose Gel Electrophoresis in Genetics

What is the purpose of DNA ligase in the process of DNA cloning?

To degrade the DNA fragment of interest
To synthesize a new DNA molecule
To separate the bacterial plasmid from the bovine DNA fragment
To facilitate the bonding of DNA molecules covalently (correct)

Why are the bacteria containing non-recombinant plasmids blue in color?

Because they contain the bovine DNA fragment
Due to the presence of the gene of interest
Due to the metabolization of X-gal by the lacZ gene (correct)
Because they are unable to grow in ampicillin

What is the purpose of adding ampicillin to the medium in the bacterial cloning process?

To prevent the growth of bacteria with non-recombinant plasmids (correct)
To promote the growth of bacteria with recombinant plasmids
To select for bacteria that contain the gene of interest
To induce the expression of the lacZ gene

What is the result of mixing the bovine DNA fragment with the bacterial plasmid?

Some plasmids join with the fragment of interest through basepairing (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the lacZ gene in the bacterial cloning process?

To provide a selective marker for the recombinant plasmids (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of incorporating ethidium bromide in agarose gel electrophoresis?

To intercalate between the strands of double-stranded DNA and fluoresce orange under UV light (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of DNA migration during agarose gel electrophoresis?

Towards the anode from the cathode (C) Signup and view all the answers

In minisatellite tandem repeat DNA profiling, what is the purpose of PCR amplification?

To generate multiple copies of a specific DNA sequence (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the power source in agarose gel electrophoresis?

To generate an electric field for DNA migration (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the principle behind the amelogenin gene sex-test in cattle?

Females have a 280 bp PCR product, while males have a 217 bp PCR product (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the lacZ gene in the cloning vector?

To hydrolyze lactose (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of cutting the plasmid DNA with the EcoRI restriction enzyme?

Sticky ends are formed (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the ampR gene in the cloning vector?

To confer resistance to ampicillin (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of purifying the plasmid DNA and bovine DNA?

To prepare the DNA for restriction enzyme digestion (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the cloning vector in genetic engineering?

To carry foreign DNA into a cell and replicate there (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of DNA polymerase in the Sanger dideoxy DNA sequencing method?

To synthesize many new DNA strands, interrupted by incorporation of ddNTPs (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of dideoxynucleotide triphosphates (ddNTPs) in the Sanger sequencing method?

To terminate DNA synthesis, creating strands of different lengths (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of incorporating radiolabels in the Sanger sequencing method?

To visualize the DNA sequence on an autoradiogram (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the orientation of the template strand in relation to the complementary strand in the Sanger sequencing method?

The template strand is in the 3' to 5' direction, while the complementary strand is in the 5' to 3' direction (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of reading the sequence of the complementary strand in the Sanger sequencing method?

The reverse complement of the template strand is obtained (D) Signup and view all the answers

What type of DNA construct is composed of DNA sequences from bacterial plasmids?

BACs (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the nucleus of a sperm or ova during the process of fertilisation?

Pronucleus (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of superovulating an egg donor?

To induce multiple ovulations (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of transgenic offspring resulting from microinjection of DNA into the pronucleus?

1-5% (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of replacing the nucleus of an oocyte with the nucleus of a transgenic diploid donor cell?

Nuclear transfer (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of DNA ligase in the process of creating recombinant DNA molecules?

To join 'foreign' DNA to plasmid DNA (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of mixing the DNAs and adding DNA ligase?

A population of recombinant plasmids (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the EcoR1 enzyme in this process?

To cut the bovine genomic DNA into fragments (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of inserting the recombinant plasmid into a bacterial cell?

The bacterial cell transcribes and translates the bovine DNA (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of molecule results from joining the bovine DNA fragment to the plasmid DNA?

Recombinant DNA molecule (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key advantage of using nuclear transfer in genetic engineering?

It allows for the production of 100% genetically modified animals (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Tissue Plasminogen Activator (TPA) produced by transgenic animals?

To prevent strokes (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following procedures involves the introduction of DNA from a different species?

Genetic engineering (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between Dolly the sheep and transgenic animals?

Dolly was not transgenic—she did not carry a transgene in her genome (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following biological products is produced by transgenic animals to treat pituitary dwarfism?

Human Growth Factor (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of nuclear transfer technology in genetic engineering?

To clone animals using somatic cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a biological product produced by transgenic animals?

Penicillin (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Human blood clotting factor VIII produced by transgenic animals?

To treat haemophilia (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following procedures involves the fusion of male and female gametes in vitro?

In vitro fertilisation (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of using transgenic animals to produce biological products?

They can produce large quantities of biological products (B) Signup and view all the answers