Affordable Housing PPP Policy in India
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Questions and Answers

What is one of the principal challenges in delivering affordable housing?

  • Inadequate public transportation
  • Excessive government regulation
  • High cost of land (correct)
  • Low demand for housing

Which of the following is a major challenge that Developers/ Builders face besides high land costs?

  • Environmental regulations
  • Increased competition
  • Financing the land (correct)
  • Public opposition

What intervention is deemed critical for enhancing affordable housing provisioning?

  • Private sector funding only
  • Elimination of all taxes
  • Government intervention (correct)
  • Increased land speculation

What role do financial subsidies play in affordable housing?

<p>They can help address the affordability issues for the population. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of affordable housing, what does the absence of a clear title create?

<p>A deterrent for financial institutions and real estate developers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can Public Private Partnerships (PPP) incentivize private sector involvement in affordable housing?

<p>By allowing intensive land utilization in exchange for affordable housing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is necessary for enhancing access to financing and capital markets for affordable housing?

<p>Innovative private sector risk-taking and proactive policies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a fundamental requirement for the success of PPP in affordable housing?

<p>Clear allocation of risks and rewards among stakeholders (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is necessary for the prices of land to decline to levels affordable for low-income citizens?

<p>Increased land supply and vertical development (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which role should the government predominantly take in the transformation towards affordable housing?

<p>Create transparent master plans (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must be avoided in land use change for enabling affordable housing?

<p>Case-by-case approvals of land use changes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can the private sector contribute to the reduction of costs in affordable housing?

<p>Through technology and better management practices (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical component of public-private partnerships (PPP) in providing trunk infrastructure?

<p>Integrating with affordable housing projects (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What function should be separated from the development function in government operations?

<p>Regulatory functions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which outcome is directly associated with properly structured PPP in infrastructure projects?

<p>Enhanced efficiency and service delivery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key factor that enables the market to address the challenges of affordable housing?

<p>Strategic changes in policy for a self-propelled market (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is responsible for establishing the eligibility of beneficiaries for housing projects?

<p>Public authorities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is required from allottees at the time of handover of the housing unit?

<p>Pre-determined payment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of partnerships may the government engage in for financing trunk infrastructure?

<p>Public Private Partnerships (PPP) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can private developers be selected for housing projects?

<p>Based on per-unit-cost (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What financial assistance can be made available to allottees?

<p>Low-interest loans (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who takes on the credit risk of financing the allottee with a housing loan?

<p>Financial institutions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is responsible for compensating the private developer for the housing stock?

<p>The public authority (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be included in the financial subsidy regime for allottees?

<p>Interest subsidies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary duty of the public authorities regarding beneficiary identification?

<p>To establish eligibility of beneficiaries (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the selection of allottees require to ensure fairness?

<p>Transparency and equity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What method may the government use to distribute housing units to beneficiaries?

<p>Direct selection by public authorities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How must allottees make payments for their housing units?

<p>By paying a predetermined amount or monthly installments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of financial assistance may be available to allottees?

<p>Low-interest loans from housing finance institutions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who bears the responsibility for trunk infrastructure and connectivity?

<p>The public sector (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What risk does the public authority take in the housing project?

<p>Cost recovery risk (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the government potentially finance through separate PPP arrangements?

<p>Trunk infrastructure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of funding for beneficiaries in the first five models?

<p>A percentage of monthly income or loans from financial institutions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What major change occurs when affordable housing is implemented on privately owned land?

<p>The total private cost of affordable housing naturally increases substantially. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the roles of the public authority in the private land-based model under the AHP scheme?

<p>Provide technical guidelines and specifications (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a type of financial incentive provided by the public authority to private developers?

<p>State subsidy and stamp duty exemptions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a suggested incentive for creating affordable housing on private land?

<p>Increased permissions and approvals from the government (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must the beneficiary do after the private developer constructs the dwelling unit?

<p>Engage in maintenance of the property (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is needed to offset the high cost of private land for affordable housing projects?

<p>Increased cross-subsidization from high-end housing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the 'Committee for Drafting Model Contract for PPP/PPPP in Housing Sector' suggest for private lands?

<p>Increased institutional support from the government is important (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an incentive for private developers under the AHP scheme?

<p>Development grants from the central government (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the private developer in the AHP scheme?

<p>Design and construct the affordable housing units (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two PPP models suggested for affordable housing?

<p>Model A: PPP framework for CLSS and Model B: PPP framework for AHP (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the financial commitment required from beneficiaries in the AHP scheme?

<p>A predetermined lump sum or EMI to the private developer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can the time cost of delays in affordable housing projects be reduced?

<p>By ensuring timely approvals with increased support from the government (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of property assistance does the central government offer in the AHP scheme?

<p>Financial assistance of Rs 1.5 lakh (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do financial institutions typically provide in relation to rental housing?

<p>No loans, as these are not available for rental housing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is a critical aspect that the public authority may establish to promote private development under the AHP scheme?

<p>Technical specifications and guidelines (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Affordable Housing Challenge

The difficulty providing housing that is affordable to a large portion of the population.

High Land Costs

Land prices are too expensive for builders in an affordable housing project.

Financing Land (Housing)

The difficulty of getting funding to buy the land is a problem for affordable housing.

Unclear Land Title

Lack of clear ownership documents makes it hard to get financing and develop housing.

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Land Underutilization

Unused land further contributes to the housing shortage and raises land prices.

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Government Interventions (Housing)

Government involvement is essential for strategies to provide affordable housing.

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Public-Private Partnership (PPP)

Collaboration between government and private sector to provide affordable housing.

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Cost Reduction (Construction)

Ways to make construction more efficient to lower home costs.

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PPP for Affordable Housing

A strategy relying on private-public partnerships for affordable housing, aiming for a self-regulating market.

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Land Price Reduction

Lowering land prices to make housing more accessible for low-income individuals.

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Increased Land Supply

Expanding the availability of land for housing development.

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Vertically Dense Development

Building multiple stories of houses on a single plot of land.

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Master Plans

Comprehensive, transparent plans for land use and development, considered unchangeable.

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Trunk Infrastructure

Essential public services (roads, water, sewage, electricity) that support housing development.

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Efficiency Gains in Construction

Using technology and better practices to reduce costs during housing construction and management.

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Economies of Scale

Reduced cost per unit by involving multiple private partners in large-scale affordable housing projects.

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Who recovers the housing cost?

The public authority is responsible for recouping the cost of the housing units from the private developer after successful completion.

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Who decides eligibility for housing?

The government determines which individuals or families qualify for affordable housing units.

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How are housing units distributed?

The private developer hands over completed housing units to a government department or agency for allocation to beneficiaries.

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How do allottees pay for housing?

Allottees can either pay a lump sum on handover or make monthly installments to the public authorities.

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What financial assistance is available?

Allottees can access loans with interest subsidies through housing finance institutions or government programs.

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Who's responsible for trunk infrastructure?

The public sector oversees major infrastructure like roads and utilities, but can partner with private companies for financing and implementation.

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Who shares the risks in PPP?

Public authorities take on land, subsidy, and trunk infrastructure risks, while private developers handle project performance risk.

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Who takes the financing risk?

Financial institutions (public or private) or government authorities cover the risk of allottees defaulting on housing loans.

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Beneficiary Eligibility

The government decides who qualifies for affordable housing based on specific criteria. This is announced before the project starts.

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Allottee Selection

The government chooses the specific people who will receive affordable housing units from the pool of eligible beneficiaries. This is done fairly and transparently.

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Housing Unit Transfer

The private sector, who built the houses, hands over the finished units to the individuals chosen by the government.

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Allottee Payment

The people receiving the houses must pay a pre-determined amount for the home. They can pay it all upfront or in installments to the developer.

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Financial Assistance

The government might provide financial help to the people buying the houses through loans or subsidies. These loans are made available through specialized organizations.

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Risk Sharing

The government takes responsibility for land, subsidies, and core infrastructure, while the private sector builds the houses. Financial institutions handle the loans.

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Bid Parameter: Per-Unit Cost

Developers are chosen based on the cost of each house. This cost is linked to the monthly payment the buyer will make to the developer over time.

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Financial Sources for Beneficiaries

Beneficiaries in affordable housing projects may contribute a portion of their income, take out loans, or both to fund their housing.

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Loan Challenge for Rental Housing

Financial institutions typically don't offer loans for rental housing, making sourcing funds for this type of affordable housing more difficult.

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Private Land in Affordable Housing

Affordable housing projects can be built on both publicly owned land and privately owned land.

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Challenges of Using Private Land

Using private land for affordable housing is generally more expensive, requiring increased government support or a higher degree of cross-subsidy from luxury housing projects.

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Incentives for Private Land

Various financial and non-financial incentives can be used to encourage the use of private land for affordable housing, such as tax breaks, zoning changes, and simplified approval processes.

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PMAY (Urban) Programs

The Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (Urban) (PMAY) scheme is a government initiative aimed at providing affordable housing for urban communities.

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PPP Models for CLSS and AHP

Two PPP models are suggested for building affordable housing under PMAY (Urban): Model A focuses on the CLSS approach, while Model B focuses on the AHP approach.

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Committee for Drafting Model Contracts

A dedicated committee has been formed to develop model contracts for PPP and PPPP projects in the housing sector to promote effective partnerships.

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Private Land Based Model

An approach to affordable housing where private developers provide land and build units, with public authorities offering incentives and subsidies.

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Public Authority Role (AHP Scheme)

Public authorities in this model set technical guidelines (like unit size, construction time), assess land, identify beneficiaries, and provide financial assistance like subsidies and land exemptions.

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Developer Incentives (AHP Scheme)

To encourage participation, private developers may receive incentives from public authorities such as subsidies, higher floor area ratios (FAR), transferable development rights (TDR), and fast-track approvals.

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Beneficiary Payment (AHP Scheme)

Beneficiaries (people receiving the housing) pay a predetermined amount, either upfront or through installments, to the private developer.

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Land Allotment (AHP)

In the private land based model, the private developer provides the land for the affordable housing project.

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Construction Responsibilities (AHP)

Private developers are responsible for designing and constructing the affordable housing units in this model.

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Maintenance Responsibility (AHP)

Beneficiaries of the affordable housing units are responsible for maintaining their own properties.

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Study Notes

Notice Regarding Draft Model Public Private Partnership Policy for Affordable Housing in India

  • Notice issued on June 14, 2017, by the Ministry of Housing & Urban Poverty Alleviation, Government of India.
  • Inviting comments from the general public and all stakeholders on the draft Model Public Private Partnership Policy for Affordable Housing in India.
  • Draft policy document attached.
  • Comments/views due by June 30, 2017.
  • Email address for comments: [email protected].
  • Objective: Facilitate private sector participation in fulfilling the growing demand for affordable housing.

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Related Documents

PPP Policy for Affordable Housing in India (PDF)

Description

This notice, issued by the Ministry of Housing & Urban Poverty Alleviation, invites public comments on the draft Model Public Private Partnership Policy for Affordable Housing in India. Stakeholders are encouraged to share their views by June 30, 2017, to enhance private sector involvement in addressing affordable housing needs.

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